Introduction - DSN
Описание
To connect to a database through PEAR::DB, you have to create a valid DSN - data source name. This DSN consists in the following parts:
-
phptype
: Database backend used in PHP (i.e.mysql
,odbc
etc.) -
dbsyntax
: Database used with regards to SQL syntax etc. When using ODBC as thephptype
, set this to the DBMS type the ODBC driver is connecting to. Examples:access
,db2
,mssql
,navision
,solid
, etc. -
protocol
: Communication protocol to use ( i.e.tcp
,unix
etc.) -
hostspec
: Host specification (hostname[:port]
) -
database
: Database to use on the DBMS server -
username
: User name for login -
password
: Password for login -
proto_opts
: Maybe used withprotocol
-
option
: Additional connection options in URI query string format. options get separated by &
The format of the supplied DSN is in its fullest form:
phptype(dbsyntax)://username:password@protocol+hostspec/database?option=value
Most variations are allowed:
phptype://username:password@protocol+hostspec:110//usr/db_file.db phptype://username:password@hostspec/database phptype://username:password@hostspec phptype://username@hostspec phptype://hostspec/database phptype://hostspec phptype:///database phptype:///database?option=value&anotheroption=anothervalue phptype(dbsyntax) phptype
The currently supported database backends are:
dbase -> dBase fbsql -> FrontBase (functional since DB 1.7.0) ibase -> InterBase (functional since DB 1.7.0) ifx -> Informix msql -> Mini SQL (functional since DB 1.7.0) mssql -> Microsoft SQL Server (NOT for Sybase. Compile PHP --with-mssql) mysql -> MySQL (for MySQL <= 4.0) mysqli -> MySQL (for MySQL >= 4.1) (requires PHP 5) (since DB 1.6.3) oci8 -> Oracle 7/8/9 odbc -> ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) pgsql -> PostgreSQL sqlite -> SQLite sybase -> Sybase
With an up-to-date version of DB, you can use a second DSN format
phptype(syntax)://user:pass@protocol(proto_opts)/database
If your database
, option
values,
username
or password
contain characters used to delineate DSN parts, you
can escape them via URI hex encodings:
: = %3a / = %2f @ = %40 + = %2b ( = %28 ) = %29 ? = %3f = = %3d & = %26
Please note, that some features may be not supported by all database backends. Please refer to the PEAR DB extensions status document located at:
/pear/base/dir/DB/doc/STATUS
to get a detailed list about what features are supported by which backend.
Пример
Connect to database through a socket
mysql://user@unix(/path/to/socket)/pear
Connect to database on a non standard port
pgsql://user:pass@tcp(localhost:5555)/pear
Connect to SQLite on a Unix machine using options
sqlite:////full/unix/path/to/file.db?mode=0666
Connect to SQLite on a Windows machine using options
sqlite:///c:/full/windows/path/to/file.db?mode=0666
Connect to MySQLi using SSL
mysqli://user:pass@localhost/pear?key=client-key.pem&cert=client-cert.pem
Connecting to MS Access sometimes requires admin
as the user name
odbc(access)://admin@/datasourcename
Connecting to ODBC with a specific cursor
odbc(access)://admin@/datasourcename?cursor=SQL_CUR_USE_ODBC