idn_to_ascii

(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PECL intl >= 1.0.2, PECL idn >= 0.1)

idn_to_asciiConvert domain name to IDNA ASCII form.

Description

Procedural style

string idn_to_ascii ( string $domain [, int $options = 0 [, int $variant = INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_2003 [, array &$idna_info ]]] )

This function converts Unicode domain name to IDNA ASCII-compatible format.

Parameters

domain

Domain to convert. In PHP 5 must be UTF-8 encoded.

options

Conversion options - combination of IDNA_* constants (except IDNA_ERROR_* constants).

variant

Either INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_2003 for IDNA 2003 or INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46 for UTS #46.

idna_info

This parameter can be used only if INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46 was used for variant. In that case, it will be filled with an array with the keys 'result', the possibly illegal result of the transformation, 'isTransitionalDifferent', a boolean indicating whether the usage of the transitional mechanisms of UTS #46 either has or would have changed the result and 'errors', which is an int representing a bitset of the error constants IDNA_ERROR_*.

Return Values

Domain name encoded in ASCII-compatible form. or FALSE on failure

Changelog

Version Description
5.4.0/PECL 2.0.0b1 Added the parameters variant and idna_info; UTS #46 support.

Examples

Example #1 idn_to_ascii() example

<?php

echo idn_to_ascii('täst.de'); 

?>

The above example will output:

xn--tst-qla.de

See Also

Коментарии

The notes on this function are not very clear and a little misleading.

Firstly, <=5.3, you will need to make use of one of several scripts or classes available on the internet which might, or might not, require the installation of of the intl and idn PECL extensions ...and you will need to have !<4.0 in order to be able to install both.

Secondly, if you have >=5.4 you will not require the PECL extensions.

Third, use of utf8_encode() is not necessary.  In fact, it will potentially prevent idn_to_ascii() from working at all.

On my setup it was necessary to change the charset in the script meta tags to UTF-8:

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />

...and to change charset_default in the php.ini file (/usr/local/lib/php.ini, whereis php.ini, find / -name php.ini):

default_charset = "UTF-8"

The above changes mean that idn_to_ascii() can now be used with that syntax (no need for utf8_encode()).  Previously, the function worked to convert some IDNs, but failed to convert Japanese and Cyrillic IDNs.  Further, no additional locales were enabled or added, and Apache's charset file was left unmodified.

It is also important to remember only to apply the function where required, eg:

idn_to_ascii(cåsino.com) // is wrong

...whereas...

iden_to_ascii(cåsino) // is right

...and also be aware of text editors that don't support UTF-8 encoding, or the $domain = 'cåsino' value will end up as $domain = '??????' ...and the function will fail.

I have found that Notepad++ easily and reliably handles UTF-8 encoding that works for this function using UTF-8 as the encoding option, not UTF-8 without BOM.
2012-06-03 08:08:38
http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.idn-to-ascii.html
To convert IDN Domains with the IDNA2008 definition use following command.

idn_to_ascii('teßt.com',IDNA_NONTRANSITIONAL_TO_ASCII,INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46)

The result is then as expected

xn--tet-6ka.com
2017-03-31 16:03:58
http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.idn-to-ascii.html
idn_to_ascii and idn_to_utf8 functions don't properly handle full URLs (i.e. with schema and paths), so here's the helper functions which handles all URLs, including ones with path but without a scheme

<?php
/**
 * Converts URLS to punycode 
 * It doesn't url-encodes other parts
 * The initial code from snipp dor ru website, here is modified version that handles urls without scheme
 */
function punycode_encode($url)
{
   
$no_scheme false;
    if (!
preg_match('/^.+?:\/\//'$url) && substr($url02) !== '//') {
       
$url '//' $url;
       
$no_scheme true;
    }

   
$parts parse_url($url);
 
   
$out '';
    if (!empty(
$parts['scheme']))   $out .= $parts['scheme'] . ':';
    if (!empty(
$parts['host']))     $out .= '//';
    if (!empty(
$parts['user']))     $out .= $parts['user'];
    if (!empty(
$parts['pass']))     $out .= ':' $parts['pass'];
    if (!empty(
$parts['user']))     $out .= '@';
    if (!empty(
$parts['host']))     $out .= idn_to_ascii($parts['host']);
    if (!empty(
$parts['port']))     $out .= ':' $parts['port'];
    if (!empty(
$parts['path']))     $out .= $parts['path'];
    if (!empty(
$parts['query']))    $out .= '?' $parts['query'];
    if (!empty(
$parts['fragment'])) $out .= '#' $parts['fragment'];

    if (
$no_scheme) {
       
$out substr($out2);
    }
 
    return 
$out;
}

function 
punycode_decode($url)
{
   
$no_scheme false;
    if (!
preg_match('/^.+?:\/\//'$url) && substr($url02) !== '//') {
       
$url '//' $url;
       
$no_scheme true;
    }

   
$parts parse_url($url);
   
$out '';
    if (!empty(
$parts['scheme']))   $out .= $parts['scheme'] . ':';
    if (!empty(
$parts['host']))     $out .= '//';
    if (!empty(
$parts['user']))     $out .= $parts['user'];
    if (!empty(
$parts['pass']))     $out .= ':' $parts['pass'];
    if (!empty(
$parts['user']))     $out .= '@';
    if (!empty(
$parts['host']))     $out .= idn_to_utf8($parts['host']);
    if (!empty(
$parts['port']))     $out .= ':' $parts['port'];
    if (!empty(
$parts['path']))     $out .= $parts['path'];
    if (!empty(
$parts['query']))    $out .= '?' $parts['query'];
    if (!empty(
$parts['fragment'])) $out .= '#' $parts['fragment'];
 
    if (
$no_scheme) {
       
$out substr($out2);
    }
   
    return 
$out;
}
2023-09-06 12:40:54
http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.idn-to-ascii.html
Автор:
The documentation ist not clear what failure in the return section means. This should be substituted to something like this:

"Returns failure if the given string could not be converted".
2023-11-16 10:20:31
http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.idn-to-ascii.html

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