unpack
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
unpack — Unpack data from binary string
Description
$format
, string $data
)
Unpacks from a binary string into an array according to the given
format.
The unpacked data is stored in an associative array. To accomplish this you have to name the different format codes and separate them by a slash /. If a repeater argument is present, then each of the array keys will have a sequence number behind the given name.
Return Values
Returns an associative array containing unpacked elements of binary string.
Changelog
| Version | Description |
|---|---|
| 5.5.0 |
Changes were made to bring this function into line with Perl: The "a" code now retains trailing NULL bytes. The "A" code now strips all trailing ASCII whitespace (spaces, tabs, newlines, carriage returns, and NULL bytes). The "Z" code was added for NULL-padded strings, and removes trailing NULL bytes. |
Examples
Example #1 unpack() example
<?php
$binarydata = "\x04\x00\xa0\x00";
$array = unpack("cchars/nint", $binarydata);
?>
The resulting array will contain the entries "chars" with value 4 and "int" with 160.
Example #2 unpack() example with a repeater
<?php
$binarydata = "\x04\x00\xa0\x00";
$array = unpack("c2chars/nint", $binarydata);
?>
The resulting array will contain the entries "chars1", "chars2" and "int".
Notes
Note that PHP internally stores integral values as signed. If you unpack a large unsigned long and it is of the same size as PHP internally stored values the result will be a negative number even though unsigned unpacking was specified.
Be aware that if you do not name an element, an empty string is used. If you do not name more than one element, this means that some data is overwritten as the keys are the same such as in:
Example #3 unpack() example with unnamed keys
<?php
$binarydata = "\x32\x42\x00\xa0";
$array = unpack("c2/n", $binarydata);
var_dump($array);
?>
The resulting array will contain the entries "1" with value 160 and "2" with 66. The first value from the c specifier is overwritten by the first value from the n specifier.
Коментарии
<?php
function parse_pascalstr($bytes_parsed, $parse_str) {
$parse_info = unpack("x$bytes_parsed/cstr_len", $parse_str);
$str_len = $parse_info["str_len"];
$bytes_parsed = $bytes_parsed + 1;
$parse_info = unpack("x$bytes_parsed/A".$str_len."str", $parse_str);
$str = $parse_info["str"];
$bytes_parsed = $bytes_parsed + strlen($str);
return array($str, $bytes_parsed);
}
?>
Suppose we need to get some kind of internal representation of an integer, say 65, as a four-byte long. Then we use, something like:
<?
$i = 65;
$s = pack("l", $i); // long 32 bit, machine byte order
echo strlen($s) . "<br>\n";
echo "***$s***<br>\n";
?>
The output is:
X-Powered-By: PHP/4.1.2
Content-type: text/html
4
***A***
(That is the string "A\0\0\0")
Now we want to go back from string "A\0\0\0" to number 65. In this case we can use:
<?
$s = "A\0\0\0"; // This string is the bytes representation of number 65
$arr = unpack("l", $s);
foreach ($arr as $key => $value)
echo "\$arr[$key] = $value<br>\n";
?>
And this outpus:
X-Powered-By: PHP/4.1.2
Content-type: text/html
$arr[] = 65
Let's give the array key a name, say "mykey". In this case, we can use:
<?
$s = "A\0\0\0"; // This string is the bytes representation of number 65
$arr = unpack("lmykey", $s);
foreach ($arr as $key => $value)
echo "\$arr[$key] = $value\n";
?>
An this outpus:
X-Powered-By: PHP/4.1.2
Content-type: text/html
$arr[mykey] = 65
The "unpack" documentation is a little bit confusing. I think a more complete example could be:
<?
$binarydata = "AA\0A";
$array = unpack("c2chars/nint", $binarydata);
foreach ($array as $key => $value)
echo "\$array[$key] = $value <br>\n";
?>
whose output is:
X-Powered-By: PHP/4.1.2
Content-type: text/html
$array[chars1] = 65 <br>
$array[chars2] = 65 <br>
$array[int] = 65 <br>
Note that the format string is something like
<format-code> [<count>] [<array-key>] [/ ...]
I hope this clarifies something
Sergio
This is about the last example of my previous post. For the sake of clarity, I'm including again here the example, which expands the one given in the formal documentation:
<?
$binarydata = "AA\0A";
$array = unpack("c2chars/nint", $binarydata);
foreach ($array as $key => $value)
echo "\$array[$key] = $value <br>\n";
?>
This outputs:
$array[chars1] = 65
$array[chars2] = 65
$array[int] = 65
Here, we assume that the ascii code for character 'A' is decimal 65.
Remebering that the format string structure is:
<format-code> [<count>] [<array-key>] [/ ...],
in this example, the format string instructs the function to
1. ("c2...") Read two chars from the second argument ("AA ...),
2. (...chars...) Use the array-keys "chars1", and "chars2" for
these two chars read,
3. (.../n...) Read a short int from the second argument (...\0A"),
4. (...int") Use the word "int" as the array key for the just read
short.
I hope this is clearer now,
Sergio.
If having a zero-based index is useful/necessary, then instead of:
$int_list = unpack("s*", $some_binary_data);
try:
$int_list = array_merge(unpack("s*", $some_binary_data));
This will return a 0-based array:
$int_list[0] = x
$int_list[1] = y
$int_list[2] = z
...
rather than the default 1-based array returned from unpack when no key is supplied:
$int_list[1] = x
$int_list[2] = y
$int_list[3] = z
...
It's not used often, but array_merge() with only one parameter will compress a sequentially-ordered numeric-index, starting with an index of [0].
I had a situation where I had to unpack a file filled with little-endian order double-floats in a way that would work on either little-endian or big-endian machines. PHP doesn't have a formatting code that will change the byte order of doubles, so I wrote this workaround.
<?php
/*The following code is a workaround for php's unpack function
which does not have the capability of unpacking double precision
floats that were packed in the opposite byte order of the current
machine.
*/
function big_endian_unpack ($format, $data) {
$ar = unpack ($format, $data);
$vals = array_values ($ar);
$f = explode ('/', $format);
$i = 0;
foreach ($f as $f_k => $f_v) {
$repeater = intval (substr ($f_v, 1));
if ($repeater == 0) $repeater = 1;
if ($f_v{1} == '*')
{
$repeater = count ($ar) - $i;
}
if ($f_v{0} != 'd') { $i += $repeater; continue; }
$j = $i + $repeater;
for ($a = $i; $a < $j; ++$a)
{
$p = pack ('d',$vals[$i]);
$p = strrev ($p);
list ($vals[$i]) = array_values (unpack ('d1d', $p));
++$i;
}
}
$a = 0;
foreach ($ar as $ar_k => $ar_v) {
$ar[$ar_k] = $vals[$a];
++$a;
}
return $ar;
}
list ($endiantest) = array_values (unpack ('L1L', pack ('V',1)));
if ($endiantest != 1) define ('BIG_ENDIAN_MACHINE',1);
if (defined ('BIG_ENDIAN_MACHINE')) $unpack_workaround = 'big_endian_unpack';
else $unpack_workaround = 'unpack';
?>
This workaround is used like this:
<?php
function foo() {
global $unpack_workaround;
$bar = $unpack_workaround('N7N/V2V/d8d',$my_data);
//...
}
?>
On a little endian machine, $unpack_workaround will simply point to the function unpack. On a big endian machine, it will call the workaround function.
Note, this solution only works for doubles. In my project I had no need to check for single precision floats.
Warning: This unpack function makes the array with keys starting at 1 instead of starting at 0.
For example:
<?php
function read_field($h) {
$a=unpack("V",fread($h,4));
return fread($h,$a[1]);
}
?>
The script following is a example how to save more than one values on file separating its with "\r\n" and how to recovering its values.
<?php
// Save two integer values in a binary file
$nomearq = "./teste.bin";
$valor = 123;
$ptrarq = fopen($nomearq, "wb");
$valorBin = pack("L",$valor);
echo "First value ($valor) packed with ";
echo fwrite($ptrarq, $valorBin)." bytes<br>";
echo "Separator \\r\\n with ";
echo fwrite($ptrarq, "\r\n")." bytes<br>";
$valor = 456;
$valorBin = pack("L",$valor);
echo "Second value ($valor) packed with ";
echo fwrite($ptrarq, $valorBin)." bytes<br>";
fclose($ptrarq);
// Recover the saved values
$ptrarq = fopen($nomearq, "rb");
$valorBin = file($nomearq,filesize($nomearq));
echo "<br>The reading values is:<br>";
foreach($valorBin as $valor){
$valor = unpack("L",$valor);
print_r($valor);
echo "<br>";
}
fclose($ptrarq);
?>
Results:
First value (123) packed with 4 bytes
Separator \r\n with 2 bytes
Second value (456) packed with 4 bytes
The reading values is:
Array ( [1] => 123 )
Array ( [1] => 456 )
Functions I found useful when dealing with fixed width file processing, related to unpack/pack functions.
<?php
/**
* funpack
* format: array of key, length pairs
* data: string to unpack
*/
function funpack($format, $data){
foreach ($format as $key => $len) {
$result[$key] = trim(substr($data, $pos, $len));
$pos+= $len;
}
return $result;
}
/**
* fpack
* format: array of key, length pairs
* data: array of key, value pairs to pack
* pad: padding direction
*/
function fpack($format, $data, $pad = STR_PAD_RIGHT){
foreach ($format as $key => $len){
$result .= substr(str_pad($data[$key], $len, $pad), 0, $len);
}
return $result;
}
?>
Reading a text cell from an Excel spreadsheet returned a string with low-order embedded nulls: 0x4100 0x4200 etc. To remove the nulls, used
<?php
$strWithoutNulls = implode( '', explode( "\0", $strWithNulls ) );
?>
(unpack() didn't seem to help much here; needed chars back to re-constitute the string, not integers.)
Another option for converting binary data into PHP data types, is to use the Zend Framework's Zend_Io_Reader class:
http://bit.ly/9zAhgz
There's also a Zend_Io_Writer class that does the reverse.
be aware of the behavior of your system that PHP resides on.
On x86, unpack MAY not yield the result you expect for UInt32
This is due to the internal nature of PHP, being that integers are internally stored as SIGNED!
For x86 systems, unpack('N', "\xff\xff\xff\xff") results in -1
For (most?) x64 systems, unpack('N', "\xff\xff\xff\xff") results in 4294967295.
This can be verified by checking the value of PHP_INT_SIZE.
If this value is 4, you have a PHP that internally stores 32-bit.
A value of 8 internally stores 64-bit.
To work around this 'problem', you can use the following code to avoid problems with unpack.
The code is for big endian order but can easily be adjusted for little endian order (also, similar code works for 64-bit integers):
<?php
function _uint32be($bin)
{
// $bin is the binary 32-bit BE string that represents the integer
if (PHP_INT_SIZE <= 4){
list(,$h,$l) = unpack('n*', $bin);
return ($l + ($h*0x010000));
}
else{
list(,$int) = unpack('N', $bin);
return $int;
}
}
?>
Do note that you *could* also use sprintf('%u', $x) to show the unsigned real value.
Also note that (at least when PHP_INT_SIZE = 4) the result WILL be a float value when the input is larger then 0x7fffffff (just check with gettype);
Hope this helps people.
To convert big endian to little endian or to convert little endian to big endian, use the following approach as an example:
<?php
// file_get_contents() returns a binary value, unpack("V*", _ ) returns an unsigned long 32-bit little endian decimal value, but bin2hex() after that would just give the hex data in the file if alone, so instead we use:
// file_get_contents(), unpack("V*", _ ), then dechex(), in that order, to get the byte-swapping effect.
?>
With the logic of the approach in this example, you can discover how to swap the endian byte order as you need.
A helper class to convert integer to binary strings and vice versa. Useful for writing and reading integers to / from files or sockets.
<?php
class int_helper
{
public static function int8($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("c", $i) : unpack("c", $i)[1];
}
public static function uInt8($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("C", $i) : unpack("C", $i)[1];
}
public static function int16($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("s", $i) : unpack("s", $i)[1];
}
public static function uInt16($i, $endianness=false) {
$f = is_int($i) ? "pack" : "unpack";
if ($endianness === true) { // big-endian
$i = $f("n", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === false) { // little-endian
$i = $f("v", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === null) { // machine byte order
$i = $f("S", $i);
}
return is_array($i) ? $i[1] : $i;
}
public static function int32($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("l", $i) : unpack("l", $i)[1];
}
public static function uInt32($i, $endianness=false) {
$f = is_int($i) ? "pack" : "unpack";
if ($endianness === true) { // big-endian
$i = $f("N", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === false) { // little-endian
$i = $f("V", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === null) { // machine byte order
$i = $f("L", $i);
}
return is_array($i) ? $i[1] : $i;
}
public static function int64($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("q", $i) : unpack("q", $i)[1];
}
public static function uInt64($i, $endianness=false) {
$f = is_int($i) ? "pack" : "unpack";
if ($endianness === true) { // big-endian
$i = $f("J", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === false) { // little-endian
$i = $f("P", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === null) { // machine byte order
$i = $f("Q", $i);
}
return is_array($i) ? $i[1] : $i;
}
}
?>
Usage example:
<?php
Header("Content-Type: text/plain");
include("int_helper.php");
echo int_helper::uInt8(0x6b) . PHP_EOL; // k
echo int_helper::uInt8(107) . PHP_EOL; // k
echo int_helper::uInt8("\x6b") . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; // 107
echo int_helper::uInt16(4101) . PHP_EOL; // \x05\x10
echo int_helper::uInt16("\x05\x10") . PHP_EOL; // 4101
echo int_helper::uInt16("\x05\x10", true) . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; // 1296
echo int_helper::uInt32(2147483647) . PHP_EOL; // \xff\xff\xff\x7f
echo int_helper::uInt32("\xff\xff\xff\x7f") . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; // 2147483647
// Note: Test this with 64-bit build of PHP
echo int_helper::uInt64(9223372036854775807) . PHP_EOL; // \xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x7f
echo int_helper::uInt64("\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x7f") . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; // 9223372036854775807
?>
Don't forget to decode user-defined-pseudo-byte-sequences before unpacking...
<?php
$byte_code_string = '00004040';
var_dump ( unpack ( 'f', $byte_code_string ) );
?>
Result:
array(1) {
[1]=>
float(6.4096905560973E-10)
}
whereas
<?php
$byte_code_string = '00004040';
var_dump ( unpack ( 'f', hex2bin ( $byte_code_string ) ) );
?>
Result:
array(1) {
[1]=>
float(3)
}