Operators
Table of Contents
- Operator Precedence
- Arithmetic Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Error Control Operators
- Execution Operators
- Incrementing/Decrementing Operators
- Logical Operators
- String Operators
- Array Operators
- Type Operators
An operator is something that takes one or more values (or expressions, in programming jargon) and yields another value (so that the construction itself becomes an expression).
Operators can be grouped according to the number of values they take. Unary operators take only one value, for example ! (the logical not operator) or ++ (the increment operator). Binary operators take two values, such as the familiar arithmetical operators + (plus) and - (minus), and the majority of PHP operators fall into this category. Finally, there is a single ternary operator, ? :, which takes three values; this is usually referred to simply as "the ternary operator" (although it could perhaps more properly be called the conditional operator).
A full list of PHP operators follows in the section Operator Precedence. The section also explains operator precedence and associativity, which govern exactly how expressions containing several different operators are evaluated.
- Основы синтаксиса
- Типы
- Переменные
- Константы
- Выражения
- Операторы
- Управляющие конструкции
- Функции
- Классы и объекты
- Пространства имен
- Errors
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- Ссылки. Разъяснения
- Предопределённые переменные
- Предопределённые исключения
- Встроенные интерфейсы и классы
- Контекстные опции и параметры
- Поддерживаемые протоколы и обработчики (wrappers)
Коментарии
Other Language books' operator precedence section usually include "(" and ")" - with exception of a Perl book that I have. (In PHP "{" and "}" should also be considered also). However, PHP Manual is not listed "(" and ")" in precedence list. It looks like "(" and ")" has higher precedence as it should be.
Note: If you write following code, you would need "()" to get expected value.
<?php
$bar = true;
$str = "TEST". ($bar ? 'true' : 'false') ."TEST";
?>
Without "(" and ")" you will get only "true" in $str.
(PHP4.0.4pl1/Apache DSO/Linux, PHP4.0.5RC1/Apache DSO/W2K Server)
It's due to precedence, probably.
of course this should be clear, but i think it has to be mentioned espacially:
AND is not the same like &&
for example:
<?php $a && $b || $c; ?>
is not the same like
<?php $a AND $b || $c; ?>
the first thing is
(a and b) or c
the second
a and (b or c)
'cause || has got a higher priority than and, but less than &&
of course, using always [ && and || ] or [ AND and OR ] would be okay, but than you should at least respect the following:
<?php $a = $b && $c; ?>
<?php $a = $b AND $c; ?>
the first code will set $a to the result of the comparison $b with $c, both have to be true, while the second code line will set $a like $b and THAN - after that - compare the success of this with the value of $c
maybe usefull for some tricky coding and helpfull to prevent bugs :D
greetz, Warhog
The variable symbol '$' should be considered as the highest-precedence operator, so that the variable variables such as $$a[0] won't confuse the parser. [language.variables.variable]Operator are used to perform operation.
Operator are mainly divided by three groups.
1.Uniary Operators that takes one values
2.Binary Operators that takes two values
3.ternary operators that takes three values
Operator are mainly divided by three groups that are totally seventeen types.
1.Arithmetic Operator
+ = Addition
- = Subtraction
* = Multiplication
/ = Division
% = Modulo
** = Exponentiation
2.Assignment Operator
= "equal to
3.Array Operator
+ = Union
== = Equality
=== = Identity
!= = Inequality
<> = Inequality
!== = Non-identity
4.Bitwise Operator
& = and
^ = xor
| = not
<< = shift left
>> = shift right
5.Comparison Operator
== = equal
=== = identical
!= = not equal
!== = not identical
<> = not equal
< = less than
<= less than or equal
> = greater than
>= = greater than or equal
<=> = spaceship operator
6.Execution Operator
`` = backticks
7.Error Control Operator
@ = at sign
8.Incrementing/Decrementing Operator
++$a = PreIncrement
$a++ = PostIncrement
--$a = PreDecrement
$a-- = Postdecrement
9.Logical Operator
&& = And
|| = Or
! = Not
and = And
xor = Xor
or = Or
10.string Operator
. = concatenation operator
.= concatenating assignment operator
11.Type Operator
instanceof = instanceof
12.Ternary or Conditional operator
?: = Ternary operator
13.Null Coalescing Operator
??" = null coalescing
14.Clone new Operator
clone new = clone new
15.yield from Operator
yield from = yield from
16.yield Operator
yield = yield
17.print Operator
print = print