array_map
(PHP 4 >= 4.0.6, PHP 5)
array_map — Применить функцию обратного вызова ко всем элементам указанных массивов
Описание
Функция array_map() возвращает массив, содержащий элементы всех указанных массивов после их обработки функцией обратного вызова. Количество параметров, передаваемых функции обратного вызова, должно совпадать с количеством массивов, переданным функции array_map().
Пример #1 Пример использования array_map()
function cube($n) {
return $n*$n*$n;
}
$a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$b = array_map("cube", $a);
print_r($b);
В результате переменная $b будет содержать:
Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 8 [2] => 27 [3] => 64 [4] => 125 )
Пример #2 Пример использования array_map(): обработка нескольких массивов
function show_Spanish($n, $m) {
return "Число $n по-испански - $m";
}
function map_Spanish($n, $m) {
return array ($n => $m);
}
$a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$b = array("uno", "dos", "tres", "cuatro", "cinco");
$c = array_map("show_Spanish", $a, $b);
print_r($c);
$d = array_map("map_Spanish", $a , $b);
print_r($d);
Результат выполнения:
// printout of $c Array ( [0] => Число 1 по-испански - uno [1] => Число 2 по-испански - dos [2] => Число 3 по-испански - tres [3] => Число 4 по-испански - cuatro [4] => Число 5 по-испански - cinco ) // printout of $d Array ( [0] => Array ( [1] => uno ) [1] => Array ( [2] => dos ) [2] => Array ( [3] => tres ) [3] => Array ( [4] => cuatro ) [4] => Array ( [5] => cinco ) )
Обычно при обработке двух или более массивов, они имею одинаковую длину, так как функция обратного вызова применяется параллельно к соответствующим элементам массивов. Если массивы имеют различную длину, самый маленький из них дополняется элементами с пустыми значениями.
Интересным эффектом при использовании этой функции является создание массива массивов, что может быть достигнуто путем использования значения NULL в качестве имени функции обратного вызова.
Пример #3 Создание массива массивов
$a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$b = array("one", "two", "three", "four", "five");
$c = array("uno", "dos", "tres", "cuatro", "cinco");
$d = array_map(null, $a, $b, $c);
print_r($d);
Результатом выполнения вышеприведенной программы будет:
Array ( [0] => Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => one [2] => uno ) [1] => Array ( [0] => 2 [1] => two [2] => dos ) [2] => Array ( [0] => 3 [1] => three [2] => tres ) [3] => Array ( [0] => 4 [1] => four [2] => cuatro ) [4] => Array ( [0] => 5 [1] => five [2] => cinco ) )
См.также array_filter() и array_reduce().
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Коментарии
If you want to pass an argument like ENT_QUOTES to htmlentities, you can do the follow.
<?php
$array = array_map( 'htmlentities' , $array, array_fill(0 , count($array) , ENT_QUOTES) );
?>
The third argument creates an equal sized array of $array filled with the parameter you want to give with your callback function.
To transpose rectangular two-dimension array, use the following code:
array_unshift($array, null);
$array = call_user_func_array("array_map", $array);
If you need to rotate rectangular two-dimension array on 90 degree, add the following line before or after (depending on the rotation direction you need) the code above:
$array = array_reverse($array);
Here is example:
<?php
$a = array(
array(1, 2, 3),
array(4, 5, 6));
array_unshift($a, null);
$a = call_user_func_array("array_map", $a);
print_r($a);
?>
Output:
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => 1
[1] => 4
)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => 2
[1] => 5
)
[2] => Array
(
[0] => 3
[1] => 6
)
)
The most memory-efficient array_map_recursive().
<?php
function array_map_recursive(callable $func, array $arr) {
array_walk_recursive($arr, function(&$v) use ($func) {
$v = $func($v);
});
return $arr;
}
?>
Let's assume we have following situation:
<?php
class MyFilterClass {
public function filter(array $arr) {
return array_map(function($value) {
return $this->privateFilterMethod($value);
});
}
private function privateFilterMethod($value) {
if (is_numeric($value)) $value++;
else $value .= '.';
}
}
?>
This will work, because $this inside anonymous function (unlike for example javascript) is the instance of MyFilterClass inside which we called it.
I hope this would be useful for anyone.
You may be looking for a method to extract values of a multidimensional array on a conditional basis (i.e. a mixture between array_map and array_filter) other than a for/foreach loop. If so, you can take advantage of the fact that 1) the callback method on array_map returns null if no explicit return value is specified (as with everything else) and 2) array_filter with no arguments removes falsy values.
So for example, provided you have:
<?php
$data = [
[
"name" => "John",
"smoker" => false
],
[
"name" => "Mary",
"smoker" => true
],
[
"name" => "Peter",
"smoker" => false
],
[
"name" => "Tony",
"smoker" => true
]
];
?>
You can extract the names of all the non-smokers with the following one-liner:
<?php
$names = array_filter(array_map(function($n) { if(!$n['smoker']) return $n['name']; }, $data));
?>
It's not necessarily better than a for/foreach loop, but the occasional one-liner for trivial tasks can help keep your code cleaner.
/**
* Function which recursively applies a callback to all values and also its
* keys, and returns the resulting array copy with the updated keys and
* values.
* PHP's built-in function array_walk_recursive() only applies the passed
* callback to the array values, not the keys, so this function simply applies
* the callback to the keys too (hence the need of working with a copy,
* as also updating the keys would lead to reference loss of the original
* array). I needed something like this, hence my idea of sharing it here.
*
* @param callable $func callback which takes one parameter (value
* or key to be updated) and returns its
* updated value
*
* @param array $arr array of which keys and values shall be
* get updated
*/
function array_map_recursive(
callable $func,
array $arr
) {
// Initiate copied array which will hold all updated keys + values
$result = [];
// Iterate through the key-value pairs of the array
foreach ( $arr as $key => $value ) {
// Apply the callback to the key to create the updated key value
$updated_key = $func( $key );
// If the iterated value is not an array, that means we have reached the
// deepest array level for the iterated key, so in that case, assign
// the updated value to the updated key value in the final output array
if ( ! is_array( $value ) ) {
$result[$updated_key] = $func( $value );
} else {
// If the iterated value is an array, call the function recursively,
// By taking the currently iterated value as the $arr argument
$result[$updated_key] = array_map_recursive(
$func,
$arr[$key]
);
}
} // end of iteration through k-v pairs
// And at the very end, return the generated result set
return $result;
} // end of array_map_recursive() function definition
A general solution for the problem of wanting to know the keys in the callback, and/or retain the key association in the returned array:
<?php
/**
* Like array_map() but callback also gets passed the current key as the
* first argument like so:
* function($key, $val, ...$vals) { ... }
* ...and returned array always maintains key association, even if multiple
* array arguments are passed.
*/
function array_map_assoc(callable $callback, array $array, array ...$arrays) {
$keys = array_keys($array);
array_unshift($arrays, $keys, $array);
return array_combine($keys, array_map($callback, ...$arrays));
}
?>
Because it uses array_map() directly, it behaves the same way in regard to ignoring the keys of subsequent array arguments. It also has the same variadic signature.
If the callback function to be called is a static method from a different namespace, the fully qualified method including namespace must be specified (a use statement is not sufficient to resolve the namespace of the callback function)
<?php
use MyTools;
$arr = [1, 2, 3];
$arr = array_map('Tools::myHelper', $arr);
?>
will cause TypeError:
array_map() expects parameter 1 to be a valid callback, class 'Tools' not found.
Use the fully qualified name for the callback instead:
<?php
$arr = [1, 2, 3];
$arr = array_map('\MyTools\Tools::myHelper', $arr);
?>