curl_setopt
(PHP 4 >= 4.0.2, PHP 5)
curl_setopt — Устанавливает параметр для сеанса CURL
Описание
Функция curl_setopt() Устанавливает параметр для сеанса CURL, заданного аргументом ch . Аргумент option задает устанавливаемый параметр, а value - его значение.
Для перечисленных ниже параметров, value должен быть целым числом:
- CURLOPT_INFILESIZE : при закачке файла на удаленный сервер, следует использовать этот параметр для указания ожидаемого размера файла.
- CURLOPT_VERBOSE : При установке этого параметра в ненулевое значение cURL будет выводить подробные сообщения о всех производимых действиях.
- CURLOPT_HEADER : При установке этого параметра в ненулевое значение результат будет включать полученные заголовки.
-
CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS : При установке этого параметра в ненулевое значение не будет выводиться индикатор прогресса операции.
Замечание: В PHP этот параметр устанавливается в ненулевое значение по умолчнию. Изменять его значение рекомендуется только при отладке.
- CURLOPT_NOBODY : При установке этого параметра в ненулевое значение результат не будет включать документ (например, вам нужно получить только заголовки).
- CURLOPT_FAILONERROR : При установке этого параметра в ненулевое значение, получение HTTP кода более 300 считается ошибкой.
- CURLOPT_UPLOAD : Установка этого параметра в ненулевое значение означает, что будет производиться закачка файла на удаленный сервер.
- CURLOPT_POST : При установке этого параметра в ненулевое значение будет отправлен HTTP запрос методом POST типа application/x-www-form-urlencoded, используемый браузерами при отправке форм.
- CURLOPT_FTPLISTONLY : При установке этого параметра в ненулевое значение будет получен список файлов в директории FTP сервера.
- CURLOPT_FTPAPPEND : При установке этого параметра в ненулевое значение данные будут добавляться к файлу на FTP сервере, в противном случае файл будет перезаписан.
- CURLOPT_NETRC : При установке этого параметра в ненулевое значение будет сделана попытка найти имя пользователя и пароль к удаленному серверу в файле ~./netrc.
- CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION : При установке этого параметра в ненулевое значение, при получении HTTP заголовка "Location: " будет происходить перенаправление на указанный этим заголовком URL (это действие выполняется рекурсивно, для каждого полученного заголовка "Location:").
- CURLOPT_PUT : При установке этого параметра в ненулевое значение, будет производиться закачка файла методом HTTP PUT. Файл задается параметрами CURLOPT_INFILE и CURLOPT_INFILESIZE .
- CURLOPT_MUTE : При установке этого параметра в ненулевое значение, все сообщения cURL будут подавляться.
- CURLOPT_TIMEOUT : Задает масимальное время выполнения операции в секундах.
- CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT : Задает минимальную скорость передачи в байтах в секунду. Если в течении времени, заданного параметром CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_TIME , скорость передачи будет меньше этого значения, операция будет прервана.
- CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_TIME : Задает время в секундах, в течение которого скорость передачи должна быть ниже, чем CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT , чтобы операция была признана слишком медленной и прервана.
- CURLOPT_RESUME_FROM : Задает позицию в файле в байтах, с которой начнется передача данных.
- CURLOPT_CAINFO : Имя файла, содержащего один или более сертификатов, которые будут использованы при проверке подлинности удаленного сервера. Имеет значение только совместно с параметром CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER .
- CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER : Установите этот параметр в ноль, чтобы запретить проверку сертификата удаленного сервера (начиная с curl 7.10, по умолчанию этот параметр имеет значение TRUE). Дополнительные сертификаты можно задать с помощью параметра CURLOPT_CAINFO (добавленного в in curl 7.9.8). Можно также указать путь к файлам сертификатов в параметре CURLOPT_CAPATH . Если CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER установлен в 0, возможно, также потребуется установить CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST в 1 или 0 (по умолчанию 2).
- CURLOPT_SSLVERSION : Целое число, указывающее, какую версию SSL использовать (2 или 3). По умолчанию версия SSL определяется автоматически, но в некоторых случаях требуется явное указание.
- CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST : Задает проверку имени, указанного в сертификате удаленного сервера, при установлении SSL соединения. Значение 1 означает проверку существования имени, значение 2 - кроме того, и проверку соответствия имени хоста.
- CURLOPT_TIMECONDITION : Задает способ интерпретации значения параметра CURLOPT_TIMEVALUE . Возможные значения: TIMECOND_IFMODSINCE или TIMECOND_ISUNMODSINCE. Применяется только для протокола HTTP.
- CURLOPT_TIMEVALUE : Задает время в секундах с 1 января 1970 г. Это значение будет использовано в соответствии со значением параметра CURLOPT_TIMECONDITION (по умолчанию TIMECOND_IFMODSINCE).
- CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER : При установке этого параметра в ненулевое значение CURL будет возвращать результат, а не выводить его.
Для перечисленных ниже параметров, value должен быть строкой:
- CURLOPT_URL : URL, с которым будет производиться операция. Значение этого параметра также может быть задано в вызове функции curl_init().
- CURLOPT_USERPWD : Стока с именем пользователя и паролем в виде [username]:[password].
- CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD : Стока с именем пользователя и паролем к HTTP прокси-серверу в виде [username]:[password].
- CURLOPT_RANGE : Задает участок файла, который нужно загрузить, в формате "X-Y" , причем X или Y могут быть опущены. Протокол HTTP также поддерживает передачу нескольких фрагментов файла, это задается в виде "X-Y,N-M".
- CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS : Строка, содержащая данные для HTTP POST запроса.
- CURLOPT_REFERER : Задает значение HTTP заголовка "Referer: ".
- CURLOPT_USERAGENT : Задает значение HTTP заголовка "User-Agent: ".
- CURLOPT_FTPPORT : Задает значение, которое будет использоваться для определения IP адреса для команды "PORT" протокола ftp. Команда "PORT" сообщает серверу, с каким IP адресом он должен устанавливать соединение. Это может быть IP адрес, имя хоста, имя сетевого интерфейса (под Unix), или просто '-' для использования IP адреса по умолчанию.
- CURLOPT_COOKIE : Содержимое заголовка "Cookie: ", который будет отправлен с HTTP запросом.
- CURLOPT_SSLCERT : Имя файла с сертификатом в формате PEM.
- CURLOPT_SSLCERTPASSWD : Пароль к файлу сертификата, заданному параметром CURLOPT_SSLCERT .
- CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE : Имя файла, содержащего данные cookie. Данные могут быть либо в формате Netscape, либо просто HTTP-заголовки.
-
CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST : Задает специальный метод, который будет использован в HTTP запросе вместоGET или HEAD. Это используется для отправке запросов DELETE или других, редко используемых. Допустимыми зачениями являются GET, POST, и т.д; не передавайте полный HTTP запрос в этом параметре. Например, 'GET /index.html HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n' недопустимо.
Замечание: Перед использованием этого параметра убедитесь, что сервер, к которому вы обращаетесь, поддерживает требуемый метод.
-
CURLOPT_PROXY : Имя HTTP прокси, через который будут направляться запросы.
-
CURLOPT_INTERFACE : Имя используемого сетевого интерфейса. Может быть именем интерфейса, IP адресом или именем хоста.
-
CURLOPT_KRB4LEVEL : Уровень безопасности KRB4 (Kerberos 4). Допустимы следующие значения (в порядке возрастания безопасности) : 'clear', 'safe', 'confidential', 'private'. Если переданное значение не входит в этот список, используется 'private'. Установка этого параметра в NULL, запрещает безопасность KRB4 . В настоящее время безопасность KRB4 поддерживается только для протокола FTP.
-
CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER : Массив с HTTP заголовками.
-
CURLOPT_QUOTE : Массив с FTP командами, которые будут выполнены перед выполнением основного запроса.
-
CURLOPT_POSTQUOTE : Массив с FTP командами, которые будут выполнены после выполнения основного запроса.
Для перечисленных ниже параметров, value должен быть дескриптором файла, возвращенным функцией fopen():
- CURLOPT_FILE : Файл, в который будет выведен результат операции. По умолчанию STDOUT.
- CURLOPT_INFILE : Файл, содержащий данные для передачи.
- CURLOPT_WRITEHEADER : Файл, в который будут выведены полученные заголовки.
- CURLOPT_STDERR : Файл, в который будут выводиться сообщения об ошибках. По умолчанию STDERR.
Пример #1 Инициализация сеанса CURL и загрузка web-страницы
<?php
// инициализация сеанса
$ch = curl_init();
// установка URL и других необходимых параметров
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://www.example.com/");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
// загрузка страницы и выдача её браузеру
curl_exec($ch);
// завершение сеанса и освобождение ресурсов
curl_close($ch);
?>
- PHP Руководство
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Коментарии
About the CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER option, it took me some time to figure out how to format the so-called 'Array'. It fact, it is a list of strings. If Curl was already defining a header item, yours will replace it. Here is an example to change the Content Type in a POST:
<?php curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, Array("Content-Type: text/xml")); ?>
Yann
If you want to Curl to follow redirects and you would also like Curl to echo back any cookies that are set in the process, use this:
<?php curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, '-'); ?>
'-' means stdout
-dw
If you specify a CAINFO, note that the file must be in PEM format! (If not, it won't work).Using Openssl you can use:
openssl x509 -in <cert> -inform d -outform PEM -out cert.pem
To create a pem formatted certificate from a binary certificate (the one you get if you download the ca somewhere).
Problems can occur if you mix CURLOPT_URL with a 'Host:' header in CURLOPT_HEADERS on redirects because cURL will combine the host you explicitly stated in the 'Host:' header with the host from the Location: header of the redirect response.
In short, don't do this:
<?php
$host = "www.example.com";
$url = "http://$host/";
$headers = array("Host: $host");
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);
Do this instead:
$host = "www.example.com";
$url = "http://$host/";
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
?>
There is really a problem of transmitting $_POST data with curl in php 4+ at least.
I improved the encoding function by Alejandro Moreno to work properly with mulltidimensional arrays.
<?php
function data_encode($data, $keyprefix = "", $keypostfix = "") {
assert( is_array($data) );
$vars=null;
foreach($data as $key=>$value) {
if(is_array($value)) $vars .= data_encode($value, $keyprefix.$key.$keypostfix.urlencode("["), urlencode("]"));
else $vars .= $keyprefix.$key.$keypostfix."=".urlencode($value)."&";
}
return $vars;
}
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, substr(data_encode($_POST), 0, -1) );
?>
To further expand upon use of CURLOPT_CAPATH and CURLOPT_CAINFO...
In my case I wanted to prevent curl from talking to any HTTPS server except my own using a self signed certificate. To do this, you'll need openssl installed and access to the HTTPS Server Certificate (server.crt by default on apache)
You can then use a command simiar to this to translate your apache certificate into one that curl likes.
$ openssl x509 -in server.crt -out outcert.pem -text
Then set CURLOPT_CAINFO equal to the the full path to outcert.pem and turn on CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER.
If you want to use the CURLOPT_CAPATH option, you should create a directory for all the valid certificates you have created, then use the c_rehash script that is included with openssl to "prepare" the directory.
If you dont use the c_rehash utility, curl will ignore any file in the directory you set.
If you're getting trouble with cookie handling in curl:
- curl manages tranparently cookies in a single curl session
- the option
<?php curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "/tmp/cookieFileName"); ?>
makes curl to store the cookies in a file at the and of the curl session
- the option
<?php curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "/tmp/cookieFileName"); ?>
makes curl to use the given file as source for the cookies to send to the server.
so to handle correctly cookies between different curl session, the you have to do something like this:
<?php
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, COOKIE_FILE_PATH);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, COOKIE_FILE_PATH);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
$result = curl_exec ($ch);
curl_close($ch);
return $result;
?>
in particular this is NECESSARY if you are using PEAR_SOAP libraries to build a webservice client over https and the remote server need to establish a session cookie. in fact each soap message is sent using a different curl session!!
I hope this can help someone
Luca
Sometimes you can't use CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR and CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE becoz of the server php-settings(They say u may grab any files from server using these options). Here is the solution
1)Don't use CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION
2)Use curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1)
3)Grab from the header cookies like this:
preg_match_all('|Set-Cookie: (.*);|U', $content, $results);
$cookies = implode(';', $results[1]);
4)Set them using curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $cookies);
Good Luck, Yevgen
Clarification on the callback methods:
- CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION is for handling header lines received *in the response*,
- CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION is for handling data received *from the response*,
- CURLOPT_READFUNCTION is for handling data passed along *in the request*.
The callback "string" can be any callable function, that includes the array(&$obj, 'someMethodName') format.
-Philippe
Note that if you want to use a proxy and use it as a _cache_, you'll have to do:
<?php curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array("Pragma: ")); ?>
else by default Curl puts a "Pragma: no-cache" header in and thus force cache misses for all requests.
If you are trying to use CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION and you get this warning:
Warning: curl_setopt() [function.curl-setopt]: CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION cannot be activated when in safe_mode or an open_basedir is set...
then you will want to read http://www.php.net/ChangeLog-4.php which says "Disabled CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION in curl when open_basedir or safe_mode are enabled." as of PHP 4.4.4/5.1.5. This is due to the fact that curl is not part of PHP and doesn't know the values of open_basedir or safe_mode, so you could comprimise your webserver operating in safe_mode by redirecting (using header('Location: ...')) to "file://" urls, which curl would have gladly retrieved.
Until the curl extension is changed in PHP or curl (if it ever will) to deal with "Location:" headers, here is a far from perfect remake of the curl_exec function that I am using.
Since there's no curl_getopt function equivalent, you'll have to tweak the function to make it work for your specific use. As it is here, it returns the body of the response and not the header. It also doesn't deal with redirection urls with username and passwords in them.
<?php
function curl_redir_exec($ch)
{
static $curl_loops = 0;
static $curl_max_loops = 20;
if ($curl_loops++ >= $curl_max_loops)
{
$curl_loops = 0;
return FALSE;
}
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
$data = curl_exec($ch);
list($header, $data) = explode("\n\n", $data, 2);
$http_code = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
if ($http_code == 301 || $http_code == 302)
{
$matches = array();
preg_match('/Location:(.*?)\n/', $header, $matches);
$url = @parse_url(trim(array_pop($matches)));
if (!$url)
{
//couldn't process the url to redirect to
$curl_loops = 0;
return $data;
}
$last_url = parse_url(curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL));
if (!$url['scheme'])
$url['scheme'] = $last_url['scheme'];
if (!$url['host'])
$url['host'] = $last_url['host'];
if (!$url['path'])
$url['path'] = $last_url['path'];
$new_url = $url['scheme'] . '://' . $url['host'] . $url['path'] . ($url['query']?'?'.$url['query']:'');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $new_url);
debug('Redirecting to', $new_url);
return curl_redir_exec($ch);
} else {
$curl_loops=0;
return $data;
}
}
?>
In case you wonder how come, that cookies don't work under Windows, I've googled for some answers, and here is the result: Under WIN you need to input absolute path of the cookie file.
This piece of code solves it:
<?php
if ($cookies != '')
{
if (substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3) == 'WIN')
{$cookies = str_replace('\\','/', getcwd().'/'.$cookies);}
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $cookies);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $cookies);
}
?>
<?php
/*
* Author: Ojas Ojasvi
* Released: September 25, 2007
* Description: An example of the disguise_curl() function in order to grab contents from a website while remaining fully camouflaged by using a fake user agent and fake headers.
*/
$url = 'http://www.php.net';
// disguises the curl using fake headers and a fake user agent.
function disguise_curl($url)
{
$curl = curl_init();
// Setup headers - I used the same headers from Firefox version 2.0.0.6
// below was split up because php.net said the line was too long. :/
$header[0] = "Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,";
$header[0] .= "text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5";
$header[] = "Cache-Control: max-age=0";
$header[] = "Connection: keep-alive";
$header[] = "Keep-Alive: 300";
$header[] = "Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7";
$header[] = "Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5";
$header[] = "Pragma: "; // browsers keep this blank.
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, 'Googlebot/2.1 (+http://www.google.com/bot.html)');
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $header);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_REFERER, 'http://www.google.com');
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, 'gzip,deflate');
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_AUTOREFERER, true);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10);
$html = curl_exec($curl); // execute the curl command
curl_close($curl); // close the connection
return $html; // and finally, return $html
}
// uses the function and displays the text off the website
$text = disguise_curl($url);
echo $text;
?>
Ojas Ojasvi
After much struggling, I managed to get a SOAP request requiring HTTP authentication to work. Here's some source that will hopefully be useful to others.
<?php
$credentials = "username:password";
// Read the XML to send to the Web Service
$request_file = "./SampleRequest.xml";
$fh = fopen($request_file, 'r');
$xml_data = fread($fh, filesize($request_file));
fclose($fh);
$url = "http://www.example.com/services/calculation";
$page = "/services/calculation";
$headers = array(
"POST ".$page." HTTP/1.0",
"Content-type: text/xml;charset=\"utf-8\"",
"Accept: text/xml",
"Cache-Control: no-cache",
"Pragma: no-cache",
"SOAPAction: \"run\"",
"Content-length: ".strlen($xml_data),
"Authorization: Basic " . base64_encode($credentials)
);
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL,$url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $defined_vars['HTTP_USER_AGENT']);
// Apply the XML to our curl call
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $xml_data);
$data = curl_exec($ch);
if (curl_errno($ch)) {
print "Error: " . curl_error($ch);
} else {
// Show me the result
var_dump($data);
curl_close($ch);
}
?>
if you would like to send xml request to a server (lets say, making a soap proxy),
you have to set
<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, Array("Content-Type: text/xml"));
?>
makesure you watch for cache issue:
the below code will prevent cache...
<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT, 1);
?>
hope it helps ;)
If you are doing a POST, and the content length is 1,025 or greater, then curl exploits a feature of http 1.1: 100 (Continue) Status.
See http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec8.html#sec8.2.3
* it adds a header, "Expect: 100-continue".
* it then sends the request head, waits for a 100 response code, then sends the content
Not all web servers support this though. Various errors are returned depending on the server. If this happens to you, suppress the "Expect" header with this command:
<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Expect:'));
?>
See http://www.gnegg.ch/2007/02/the-return-of-except-100-continue/
In PHP5, for the "CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS" option, we can use:
<?php
$ch = curl_init($URI);
$Post = http_build_query($PostData);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $Post);
$Output = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
?>
If you want to connect to a server which requires that you identify yourself with a certificate, use following code. Your certificate and servers certificate are signed by an authority whose certificate is in ca.ctr.
<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, '1');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, '2');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, '1');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CAINFO, getcwd().'/cert/ca.crt');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSLCERT, getcwd().'/cert/mycert.pem');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSLCERTPASSWD, 'password');
?>
If your original certificate is in .pfx format, you have to convert it to .pem using following commands
# openssl pkcs12 -in mycert.pfx -out mycert.key
# openssl rsa -in mycert.key -out mycert.pem
# openssl x509 -in mycert.key >> mycert.pem
To find what encoding a given HTTP POST request uses is easy -- passing an array to CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS results in multipart/form-data:
<?php
curl_setopt(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, array('field1' => 'value'));
?>
Passing a URL-encoded string will result in application/x-www-form-urlencoded:
<?php
curl_setopt(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, array('field1=value&field2=value2'));
?>
I ran across this when integrating with both a warehouse system and an email system; neither would accept multipart/form-data, but both happily accepted application/x-www-form-urlencoded.
Passing in PHP's $_SESSION into your cURL call:
<?php
session_start();
$strCookie = 'PHPSESSID=' . $_COOKIE['PHPSESSID'] . '; path=/';
session_write_close();
$curl_handle = curl_init('enter_external_url_here');
curl_setopt( $curl_handle, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $strCookie );
curl_exec($curl_handle);
curl_close($curl_handle);
?>
This worked great for me. I was calling pages from the same server and needed to keep the $_SESSION variables. This passes them over. If you want to test, just print_r($_SESSION);
Enjoy!
Note that CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER when used with CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION has effectively three settings: default, true, and false.
default - callbacks will be called as expected.
true - content will be returned but callback function will not be called.
false - content will be output and callback function will not be called.
Note that CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION callbacks are always called.
I noticed that if you want to get current cookie file after curl_exec() - you need to close current curl handle (like it said in manual), but if you want cookies to be dumped to file after any curl_exec (without curl_close) you can:
<?php
#call it normally
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookiefile");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookiefile");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.example.com/');
$result1 = curl_exec($ch);
#and then make a temp copy
$ch_temp=curl_copy_handle(ch);
curl_close($ch);
$ch=$ch_temp;
?>
Only this way, if you close $ch_temp - cookies wont be dumped.
Seems like some options not mentioned on this page, but listed on http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_setopt.html is actually supported.
I was happy to see that I could actually use CURLOPT_FTP_CREATE_MISSING_DIRS even from PHP.
When you are using CURLOPT_FILE to download directly into a file you must close the file handler after the curl_close() otherwise the file will be incomplete and you will not be able to use it until the end of the execution of the php process.
<?php
$fh = fopen('/tmp/foo', 'w');
$ch = curl_init('http://example.com/foo');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FILE, $fh);
curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
# at this point your file is not complete and corrupted
fclose($fh);
# now you can use your file;
read_file('/tmp/foo');
?>
Whats not mentioned in the documentation is that you have to set CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR to a file for the CURL handle to actually use cookies, if it is not set then cookies will not be parsed.I've found that setting CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER more than once will clear out any headers you've set previously with CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER.
Consider the following:
<?php
# ...
curl_setopt($cURL,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,array (
"Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8",
"Expect: 100-continue"
));
# ... do some other stuff ...
curl_setopt($cURL,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,array (
"Accept: application/json"
));
# ...
?>
Both the Content-Type and Expect I set will not be in the outgoing headers, but Accept will.
Hello.
During problems with "CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION cannot be activated when in safe_mode or an open_basedir is set"
I was looking for solution.
I've found few methods on this page, but none of them was good enough, so I made one.
<?php
function curl_redirect_exec($ch, &$redirects, $curlopt_header = false) {
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
$data = curl_exec($ch);
$http_code = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
if ($http_code == 301 || $http_code == 302) {
list($header) = explode("\r\n\r\n", $data, 2);
$matches = array();
preg_match('/(Location:|URI:)(.*?)\n/', $header, $matches);
$url = trim(array_pop($matches));
$url_parsed = parse_url($url);
if (isset($url_parsed)) {
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
$redirects++;
return curl_redirect_exec($ch, $redirects);
}
}
if ($curlopt_header)
return $data;
else {
list(,$body) = explode("\r\n\r\n", $data, 2);
return $body;
}
}
?>
Main issue in existing functions was lack of information, how many redirects was done.
This one will count it.
First parameter as usual.
Second should be already initialized integer, it will be incremented by number of done redirects.
You can set CURLOPT_HEADER if You need it.
PUT requests are very simple, just make sure to specify a content-length header and set post fields as a string.
Example:
<?php
function doPut($url, $fields)
{
$fields = (is_array($fields)) ? http_build_query($fields) : $fields;
if($ch = curl_init($url))
{
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'PUT');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-Length: ' . strlen($fields)));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $fields);
curl_exec($ch);
$status = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
curl_close($ch);
return (int) $status;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
if(doPut('http://example.com/api/a/b/c', array('foo' => 'bar')) == 200)
// do something
else
// do something else.
?>
You can grab the request data on the other side with:
<?php
if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'PUT')
{
parse_str(file_get_contents('php://input'), $requestData);
// Array ( [foo] => bar )
print_r($requestData);
// Do something with data...
}
?>
DELETE can be done in exactly the same way.
If you wish to find the size of the file you are streaming and use it as your header this is how:
<?php
function write_function($curl_resource, $string)
{
if(curl_getinfo($curl_resource, CURLINFO_SIZE_DOWNLOAD) <= 2000)
{
header('Expires: 0');
header('Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0');
header('Pragma: public');
header('Content-Description: File Transfer');
header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");
header("Content-Type: ".curl_getinfo($curl_resource, CURLINFO_CONTENT_TYPE)."");
header("Content-Length: ".curl_getinfo($curl_resource, CURLINFO_CONTENT_LENGTH_DOWNLOAD)."");
}
print $string;
return mb_strlen($string, '8bit');
}
?>
1440 is the the default number of bytes curl will call the write function (BUFFERSIZE does not affect this, i actually think you can not change this value), so it means the headers are going to be set only one time.
write_function must return the exact number of bytes of the string, so you can return a value with mb_strlen.
If you need to send deta in a DELETE request, use:
<?php
$request_body = 'some data';
$ch = curl_init('http://www.example.com');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $request_body);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "DELETE");
$response = curl_exec($ch);
var_dump($response);
?>
If you have turned on conditional gets on a curl handle, and then for a subsequent request, you don't have a good setting for CURLOPT_TIMEVALUE , you can disable If-Modified-Since checking with:
<?php
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $foo);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEVALUE, filemtime($foo_path));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMECONDITION, CURLOPT_TIMECOND_IFMODIFIEDSINCE);
curl_exec($ch);
// Reuse same curl handle
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $bar);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEVALUE, null); // don't know mtime
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMECONDITION, 0); // set it to 0, turns it off
curl_exec($ch);
?>
Some additional notes for curlopt_writefunction. I struggled with this at first because it really isn't documented very well.
When you write a callback function and use it with curlopt_writefunction it will be called MULTIPLE times. Your function MUST return the ammount of data written to it each time. It is very picky about this. Here is a snippet from my code that may help you
<?php
curl_setopt($this->curl_handle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, array($this, "receiveResponse"));
// later on in the class I wrote my receive Response method
private function receiveResponse($curlHandle,$xmldata)
{
$this->responseString = $xmldata;
$this->responseXML .= $this->responseString;
$this->length = strlen($xmldata);
$this->size += $this->length;
return $this->length;
}
?>
Now I did this for a class. If you aren't doing OOP then you will obviously need to modify this for your own use.
CURL calls your script MULTIPLE times because the data will not always be sent all at once. Were talking internet here so its broken up into packets. You need to take your data and concatenate it all together until it is all written. I was about to pull my damn hair out because I would get broken chunks of XML back from the server and at random lengths. I finally figured out what was going on. Hope this helps
It appears that setting CURLOPT_FILE before setting CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER doesn't work, presumably because CURLOPT_FILE depends on CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER being set.
So do this:
<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FILE, $fp);
?>
not this:
<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FILE, $fp);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
?>
In order to reset CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, set it to array(). The cURL C API says you should set it to NULL, but that doesn’t work in the PHP wrapper.FYI... unless you specifically set the user agent, no user agent will be sent in your request as there is no default value like some of the other options.
As others have said, not sending a user agent may cause you to not get the results that you expected, e.g., 0 byte length content, different content, etc.
Handling redirections with curl if safe_mode or open_basedir is enabled. The function working transparent, no problem with header and returntransfer options. You can handle the max redirection with the optional second argument (the function is set the variable to zero if max redirection exceeded).
Second parameter values:
- maxredirect is null or not set: redirect maximum five time, after raise PHP warning
- maxredirect is greather then zero: no raiser error, but parameter variable set to zero
- maxredirect is less or equal zero: no follow redirections
<?php
function curl_exec_follow(/*resource*/ $ch, /*int*/ &$maxredirect = null) {
$mr = $maxredirect === null ? 5 : intval($maxredirect);
if (ini_get('open_basedir') == '' && ini_get('safe_mode' == 'Off')) {
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, $mr > 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS, $mr);
} else {
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, false);
if ($mr > 0) {
$newurl = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL);
$rch = curl_copy_handle($ch);
curl_setopt($rch, CURLOPT_HEADER, true);
curl_setopt($rch, CURLOPT_NOBODY, true);
curl_setopt($rch, CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE, false);
curl_setopt($rch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
do {
curl_setopt($rch, CURLOPT_URL, $newurl);
$header = curl_exec($rch);
if (curl_errno($rch)) {
$code = 0;
} else {
$code = curl_getinfo($rch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
if ($code == 301 || $code == 302) {
preg_match('/Location:(.*?)\n/', $header, $matches);
$newurl = trim(array_pop($matches));
} else {
$code = 0;
}
}
} while ($code && --$mr);
curl_close($rch);
if (!$mr) {
if ($maxredirect === null) {
trigger_error('Too many redirects. When following redirects, libcurl hit the maximum amount.', E_USER_WARNING);
} else {
$maxredirect = 0;
}
return false;
}
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $newurl);
}
}
return curl_exec($ch);
}
?>
When using CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS with an array as parameter, you have to pay high attention to user input. Unvalidated user input will lead to serious security issues.
<?php
/**
* test.php:
*/
$ch = curl_init('http://example.com');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, array(
'foo' => $_GET['bar']
));
curl_exec($ch);
?>
Requesting "test.php?bar=@/home/user/test.png" will send "test.png" to example.com.
Make sure you remove the leading "@" from user input.
When CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION and CURLOPT_HEADER are both true and redirect/s have happened then the header returned by curl_exec() will contain all the headers in the redirect chain in the order they were encountered.If you want cURL to timeout in less than one second, you can use CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS, although there is a bug/"feature" on "Unix-like systems" that causes libcurl to timeout immediately if the value is < 1000 ms with the error "cURL Error (28): Timeout was reached". The explanation for this behavior is:
"If libcurl is built to use the standard system name resolver, that portion of the transfer will still use full-second resolution for timeouts with a minimum timeout allowed of one second."
What this means to PHP developers is "You can use this function without testing it first, because you can't tell if libcurl is using the standard system name resolver (but you can be pretty sure it is)"
The problem is that on (Li|U)nix, when libcurl uses the standard name resolver, a SIGALRM is raised during name resolution which libcurl thinks is the timeout alarm.
The solution is to disable signals using CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL. Here's an example script that requests itself causing a 10-second delay so you can test timeouts:
<?php
if (!isset($_GET['foo'])) {
// Client
$ch = curl_init('http://localhost/test/test_timeout.php?foo=bar');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS, 200);
$data = curl_exec($ch);
$curl_errno = curl_errno($ch);
$curl_error = curl_error($ch);
curl_close($ch);
if ($curl_errno > 0) {
echo "cURL Error ($curl_errno): $curl_error\n";
} else {
echo "Data received: $data\n";
}
} else {
// Server
sleep(10);
echo "Done.";
}
?>
CURLOPT_POST must be left unset if you want the Content-Type header set to "multipart/form-data" (e.g., when CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS is an array). If you set CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS to an array and have CURLOPT_POST set to TRUE, Content-Length will be -1 and most sane servers will reject the request. If you set CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS to an array and have CURLOPT_POST set to FALSE, cURL will send a GET request.The description of the use of the CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS option should be emphasize, that using POST with HTTP/1.1 with cURL implies the use of a "Expect: 100-continue" header. Some web servers will not understand the handling of chunked transfer of post data.
To disable this behavior one must disable the use of the "Expect:" header with
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,array("Expect:"));
This may be not obvious, but if you specify the CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS and don't specify the CURLOPT_POST - it will still send POST, not GET (as you might think - since GET is default).
So the line:
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
is synonym to:
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
Even if you set the options like this (in this order):
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
it will send POST, since CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS is latter.
So if you want GET - make sure you don't have CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS specified somewhere.
Note that if you put a certificate chain in a PEM file, the certificates need to be ordered so that each certificate is followed by its issuer (i.e., root last.)
Source: http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/tividd/td/ITIM/SC32-1493-00/en_US/HTML/im451_config09.htm
if you want to do a GET request with additional body data it will become tricky not to implicitly change the request to a POST, like many notes below correctly state.
So to do the analogy of command line's
curl -XGET 'http://example.org?foo=bar' -d '<baz>some additional data</baz>'
in PHP you'll do, besides your other necessary stuff,
<?php
curl_setopt($curlHandle, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'GET');
curl_setopt($curlHandle, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, '<baz>some additional data</baz>');
?>
during my experiments, every other "similar" way, like e.g. CURLOPT_HTTPGET, didn't send the additional data or fell into POST.
If you are trying to update something on your server and you need to handle this update operation by PUT;
<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "PUT");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PUT, 1);
?>
are "useless" without;
<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('X-HTTP-Method-Override: PUT'));
?>
Example;
Updating a book data in database identified by "id 1";
--cURL Part--
<?php
$data = http_build_query($_POST);
// or
$data = http_build_query(array(
'name' => 'PHP in Action',
'price' => 10.9
));
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://api.localhost/rest/books/1");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
// curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "PUT"); // no need anymore
// or
// curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PUT, 1); // no need anymore
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('X-HTTP-Method-Override: PUT'));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
$ce = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
print_r($ce);
?>
--API class--
<?php
public function putAction() {
echo "putAction() -> id: ". $this->_getParam('id') ."\n";
print_r($_POST);
// do stuff with post data
...
?>
--Output--
putAction() -> id: 15
Array
(
[name] => PHP in Action
[price] => 10.9
)
---Keywords--
rest, restfull api, restfull put, curl put, curl customrequest put
I've created an example that gets the file on url passed to script and outputs it to the browser.
<?php
//get the file (e.g. image) and output it to the browser
$ch = curl_init(); //open curl handle
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $_GET['url']); //set an url
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); //do not output directly, use variable
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_BINARYTRANSFER, 1); //do a binary transfer
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1); //stop if an error occurred
$file=curl_exec($ch); //store the content in variable
if(!curl_errno($ch))
{
//send out headers and output
header ("Content-type: ".curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_CONTENT_TYPE)."");
header ("Content-Length: ".curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_CONTENT_LENGTH_DOWNLOAD)."");
echo $file;
} else echo 'Curl error: ' . curl_error($ch);
curl_close($ch); //close curl handle
?>
p.s. Make sure that there're no new lines before and after code or script may not work.
I spent a couple of days trying to POST a multi-dimensional array of form fields, including a file upload, to a remote server to update a product. Here are the breakthroughs that FINALLY allowed the script to run as desired.
Firstly, the HTML form used input names like these:
<input type="text" name="product[name]" />
<input type="text" name="product[cost]" />
<input type="file" name="product[thumbnail]" />
in conjunction with two other form inputs not part of the product array
<input type="text" name="method" value="put" />
<input type="text" name="mode" />
I used several cURL options, but the only two (other than URL) that mattered were:
curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_POST, true);
curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postfields);
Pretty standard so far.
Note: headers didn't need to be set, cURL automatically sets headers (like content-type: multipart/form-data; content-length...) when you pass an array into CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS.
Note: even though this is supposed to be a PUT command through an HTTP POST form, no special PUT options needed to be passed natively through cURL. Options such as
curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('X-HTTP-Method-Override: PUT', 'Content-Length: ' . strlen($fields)));
or
curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_PUT, true);
or
curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "PUT);
were not needed to make the code work.
The fields I wanted to pass through cURL were arranged into an array something like this:
$postfields = array("method" => $_POST["method"],
"mode" => $_POST["mode"],
"product" => array("name" => $_POST["product"],
"cost" => $_POST["product"]["cost"],
"thumbnail" => "@{$_FILES["thumbnail"]["tmp_name"]};type={$_FILES["thumbnail"]["type"]}")
);
-Notice how the @ precedes the temporary filename, this creates a link so PHP will upload/transfer an actual file instead of just the file name, which would happen if the @ isn't included.
-Notice how I forcefully set the mime-type of the file to upload. I was having issues where images filetypes were defaulting to octet-stream instead of image/png or image/jpeg or whatever the type of the selected image.
I then tried passing $postfields straight into curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postfields); but it didn't work.
I tried using http_build_query($postfields); but that didn't work properly either.
In both cases either the file wouldn't be treated as an actual file and the form data wasn't being sent properly. The problem was HTTP's methods of transmitting arrays. While PHP and other languages can figure out how to handle arrays passed via forms, HTTP isn't quite as sofisticated. I had to rewrite the $postfields array like so:
$postfields = array("method" => $_POST["method"],
"mode" => $_POST["mode"],
"product[name]" => $_POST["product"],
"product[cost]" => $_POST["product"]["cost"],
"product[thumbnail]" => "@{$_FILES["thumbnail"]["tmp_name"]}");
curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postfields);
This, without the use of http_build_query, solved all of my problems. Now the receiving host outputs both $_POST and $_FILES vars correctly.
Please everyone, stop setting CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER to false or 0. If your PHP installation doesn't have an up-to-date CA root certificate bundle, download the one at the curl website and save it on your server:
http://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html
Then set a path to it in your php.ini file, e.g. on Windows:
curl.cainfo=c:\php\cacert.pem
Turning off CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER allows man in the middle (MITM) attacks, which you don't want!
If you have a mixture of strings starting with @ (at character) and files in CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS you have a problem (such as posting a tweet with attached media) because curl tries to interpret anything starting with @ as a file.
<?php
$postfields = array(
'upload_file' => '@file_to_upload.png',
'upload_text' => '@text_to_upload'
);
$curl = curl_init();
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://example.com/upload-test');
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postfields);
curl_exec($curl);
curl_close($curl);
?>
To get around this, prepend the text string with the NULL character like so:
<?php
$postfields = array(
'upload_file' => '@file_to_upload.png',
'upload_text' => sprintf("\0%s", '@text_to_upload')
);
?>
Original source: http://bit.ly/AntMle
CURLOPT_POST should be set before CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS. Otherwise you might encounter 411 Length required error.
Following code generates "411 Length Required" on nginx/1.1.15
<?php
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postfields);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
?>
But this one works.
<?php
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postfields);
?>
Many hosters use PHP safe_mode or/and open_basedir, so you can't use CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION. If you try, you see message like this:
CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION cannot be activated when safe_mode is enabled or an open_basedir is set in [you script name & path] on line XXX
First, I try to use zsalab function (http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.curl-setopt.php#102121) from this page, but for some reason it did not work properly. So, I wrote my own.
It can be use instead of curl_exec. If server HTTP response codes is 30x, function will forward the request as long as the response is not different from 30x (for example, 200 Ok). Also you can use POST.
function curlExec(/* Array */$curlOptions='', /* Array */$curlHeaders='', /* Array */$postFields='')
{
$newUrl = '';
$maxRedirection = 10;
do
{
if ($maxRedirection<1) die('Error: reached the limit of redirections');
$ch = curl_init();
if (!empty($curlOptions)) curl_setopt_array($ch, $curlOptions);
if (!empty($curlHeaders)) curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $curlHeaders);
if (!empty($postFields))
{
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postFields);
}
if (!empty($newUrl)) curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $newUrl); // redirect needed
$curlResult = curl_exec($ch);
$code = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
if ($code == 301 || $code == 302 || $code == 303 || $code == 307)
{
preg_match('/Location:(.*?)\n/', $curlResult, $matches);
$newUrl = trim(array_pop($matches));
curl_close($ch);
$maxRedirection--;
continue;
}
else // no more redirection
{
$code = 0;
curl_close($ch);
}
}
while($code);
return $curlResult;
}
If you only want to enable cookie handling and you don't need to save the cookies for a separate session, just set CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE to an empty string. I was given the advice to use php://memory but that did not seem to have the same effect.
Although this is stated in the documentation I thought it was worth reiterating since it cause me so much trouble.
If you use cURL to fetch user-supplied URLs (for instance, in a web-based RSS aggregator), be aware of the risk of server-side request forgery (SSRF). This is an attack where the user takes advantage of the fact that cURL requests are sent from the web server itself, to reach network locations they wouldn't be able to reach from outside the network.
For instance, they could enter a "http://localhost" URL, and access things on the web server via "localhost". Or, "ftp://localhost". cURL supports a lot of protocols!
If you are using CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, the malicious URL could be in a redirect from the original request. cURL also will follow redirect headers to other protocols! (303 See Other; Location: ftp://localhost).
So if you're using cURL with user-supplied URLs, at the very least use CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS (which also sets CURLOPT_REDIR_PROTOCOLS), and either disable CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION or use the "SafeCurl" library to safely follow redirects.
Please note that if you want to handle progress using CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION option, you need to take into consideration what version of PHP are you using. Since version 5.5.0, compatibility-breaking change was introduced in number/order of the arguments passed to the callback function, and cURL resource is now passed as first argument.
Prior to version 5.5.0:
<?php
// ...
curl_setopt($resource, CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION, 'progressCallback');
curl_setopt($resource, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, false);
// ...
function progressCallback($download_size = 0, $downloaded = 0, $upload_size = 0, $uploaded = 0)
{
// Handle progress
}
?>
From version 5.5.0:
<?php
// ...
curl_setopt($resource, CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION, 'progressCallback');
curl_setopt($resource, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, false);
// ...
function progressCallback($resource, $download_size = 0, $downloaded = 0, $upload_size = 0, $uploaded = 0)
{
// Handle progress
}
?>
However, if your code needs to be compatible with PHP version both before and after 5.5.0, consider adding a version check:
<?php
// ...
curl_setopt($resource, CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION, 'progressCallback');
curl_setopt($resource, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, false);
// ...
function progressCallback($resource, $download_size = 0, $downloaded = 0, $upload_size = 0, $uploaded = 0)
{
/**
* $resource parameter was added in version 5.5.0 breaking backwards compatibility;
* if we are using PHP version lower than 5.5.0, we need to shift the arguments
* @see function.curl-setopt#refsect1-function.curl-setopt-changelog
*/
if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.5.0') < 0) {
$uploaded = $upload_size;
$upload_size = $downloaded;
$downloaded = $download_size;
$download_size = $resource;
}
// Handle progress
}
?>
Please notice that CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT and CURLOPT_VERBOSE option does not work together:"When CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT is set to TRUE than CURLOPT_VERBOSE does not work."(from https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=65348).
This took me an hour or two to figure it out.
It is important that anyone working with cURL and PHP keep in mind that not all of the CURLOPT and CURLINFO constants are documented. I always recommend reading the cURL documentation directly as it sometimes contains better information. The cURL API in tends to be fubar as well so do not expect things to be where you would normally logically look for them.
curl is especially difficult to work with when it comes to cookies. So I will talk about what I found with PHP 5.6 and curl 7.26.
If you want to manage cookies in memory without using files including reading, writing and clearing custom cookies then continue reading.
To start with, the way to enable in memory only cookies associated with a cURL handle you should use:
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "");
cURL likes to use magic strings in options as special commands. Rather than having an option to enable the cookie engine in memory it uses a magic string to do that. Although vaguely the documentation here mentions this however most people like me wouldn't even read that because a COOKIEFILE is the complete opposite of what we want.
To get the cookies for a curl handle you can use:
curl_getinfo($curl, CURLINFO_COOKIELIST);
This will give an array containing a string for each cookie. It is tab delimited and unfortunately you will have to parse it yourself if you want to do anything beyond copying the cookies.
To clear the in memory cookies for a cURL handle you can use:
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIELIST, "ALL");
This is a magic string. There are others in the cURL documentation. If a magic string isn't used, this field should take a cookie in the same string format as in getinfo for the cookielist constant. This can be used to delete individual cookies although it's not the most elegant API for doing so.
For copying cookies I recommend using curl_share_init.
You can also copy cookies from one handle to another like so:
foreach(curl_getinfo($curl_a, CURLINFO_COOKIELIST) as $cookie_line)
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIELIST, $cookie_line);
An inelegant way to delete a cookie would be to skip the one you don't want.
I only recommend using COOKIELIST with magic strings because the cookie format is not secure or stable. You can inject tabs into at least path and name so it becomes impossible to parse reliably. If you must parse this then to keep it secure I recommend prohibiting more than 6 tabs in the content which probably isn't a big loss to most people.
A the absolute minimum for validation I would suggest:
/^([^\t]+\t){5}[^\t]+$/D
Here is the format:
#define SEP "\t" /* Tab separates the fields */
char *my_cookie =
"example.com" /* Hostname */
SEP "FALSE" /* Include subdomains */
SEP "/" /* Path */
SEP "FALSE" /* Secure */
SEP "0" /* Expiry in epoch time format. 0 == Session */
SEP "foo" /* Name */
SEP "bar"; /* Value */
Contrary to the documentation, CURLOPT_STDERR should be set to a handle to the file you want to write to, not the file's location.What is not mentioned in the documentation is that if you want to set a local-port or local-port-range to establish a connection is possible by adding CURLOPT_LOCALPORT and CURLOPT_LOCALPORTRANGE options.
Ex:
$conn=curl_init ('example.com');
curl_setopt($conn, CURLOPT_LOCALPORT, 35000);
curl_setopt($conn, CURLOPT_LOCALPORTRANGE, 200);
CURLOPT_LOCALPORT: This sets the local port number of the socket used for the connection.
CURLOPT_LOCALPORTRANGE: The range argument is the number of attempts libcurl will make to find a working local port number. It starts with the given CURLOPT_LOCALPORT and adds one to the number for each retry. Setting this option to 1 or below will make libcurl do only one try for the exact port number.
Interface can be also configured using CURLOPT_INTERFACE:
Ex:
curl_setopt($conn, CURLOPT_INTERFACE, "eth1");
This is howto upload an existing file to an FTP server with cURL in PHP.
You should remember that CURLOPT_URL should contain the file's basename to save on the FTP server. For example, if you upload hello.txt to ftp://www.wuxiancheng.cn/text/, CURLOPT_URL should be ftp://www.wuxiancheng.cn/text/hello.txt rather than ftp://www.wuxiancheng.cn/text/, otherwise you will get an error message like "Uploading to a URL without a file name! " when you call curl_error();
<?php
$ch = curl_init();
$filepath = 'D:\Web\www\wuxiancheng.cn\hello.txt';
$basename = pathInfo($filepath, PATHINFO_BASENAME);
$filesize = fileSize($filepath);
curl_setopt_array(
$ch,
array(
CURLOPT_URL => 'ftp://www.wuxiancheng.cn/text/' . $basename,
CURLOPT_USERPWD => 'USERNAME:PASSWORD',
CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS => CURLPROTO_FTP,
CURLOPT_UPLOAD => true,
CURLOPT_INFILE => $filepath,
CURLOPT_INFILESIZE => $filesize,
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
CURLOPT_HEADER => false,
)
);
curl_exec($ch);
$message = curl_errno($ch) === CURLE_OK ? 'success' : 'failure';
echo $message;
?>
In the long documentation, it's easy to miss the fact that CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS will set the Content-Type to "multipart/form-data" (instead of the usual "application/x-www-form-urlencoded") IFF you supply an array (instead of a query string)!
Some servers will return weird errors (like "SSL read: error:00000000:lib(0):func(0):reason(0), errno 104") for the wrong Content-Type, and you may waste many hours of time trying to figure out why!
When you get this error using a PUT request: "SSL read: error:00000000:lib(0):func(0):reason(0), errno 104")
It could be caused by:
<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PUT, TRUE);
?>
Instead try:
<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "PUT");
?>
As the "example #2 Uploading file" says it is deprecated as of PHP 5.5.0 but doesn't tell you how it's done right,
here is a really easy example using the CURLFile class:
<?php
$request = [
'firstName' => 'John',
'lastName' => 'Doe',
'file' => new CURLFile('example.txt', 'text/plain') // or use curl_file_create()
];
$curlOptions = [
CURLOPT_URL => 'http://example.com/upload.php',
CURLOPT_POST => true,
CURLOPT_HEADER => false,
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => $request,
];
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt_array($ch, $curlOptions);
$response = curl_exec($ch);
?>
This is just like posting a html form with an input[type=file] field.
The result on windows could look like this:
<?php
// $_POST
Array
(
[firstName] => John
[lastName] => Doe
)
// $_FILES
Array
(
[file] => Array
(
[name] => example.txt
[type] => text/plain
[tmp_name] => C:\wamp64\tmp\php3016.tmp
[error] => 0
[size] => 14
)
)
?>
Since the request is an array (and not a string), curl will automatically encode the data as "multipart/form-data".
Please be aware that if you pass an invalid file path to CURLFile, setting the CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS option will fail.
So if you are using curl_setopt_array for setting the options at once, according to the manual, "If an option could not be successfully set, FALSE is immediately returned, ignoring any future options in the options array.".
So you should make sure that the file exists or set CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS with curl_setopt() and check if it returns false and act accordingly.
Set order when using CURLOPT_POST and CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS *matters*.
Setting CURL_POST to true will ERASE any previous CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS using an array. Result is request be a POST with empty body.
CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS will set CURLOPT_POST to true for you, no need for repeat.
If you really need to set both, then either:
- set CURLOPT_POST *before* CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS
- or don't use array and convert CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS to URL-encoded string, it will not be affected this way (ie. <?php curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query($yourArray)); ?> )
If you want cURL to successfully write cookies to a file specified with CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, ensure that cURL has the necessary permissions to modify the file if it already exists.
I spent nearly a day trying to understand why cURL wasn't saving cookies to an existing file, even though I could easily modify the exact same file using file_put_contents(). Moreover, cURL itself could create the same file and save cookies, but only if it didn't previously exist.
Ultimately, the issue was related to file ownership. I was working within WSL2, inside a symlinked Windows directory. The [automount]"metadata" in wsl.conf was not set, causing every file created from PHP to have the default owner, which differed from the user running PHP.
Once I configured wsl.conf and then changed the ownership of the entire directory to match the user running PHP, cookies were successfully written to any file without any issues.