oci_connect

(PHP 5, PECL oci8:1.1-1.2.4)

oci_connect — Устанавливает соединение с сервером Oracle

Описание

resource oci_connect ( string $username , string $password [, string $db [, string $charset ]] )

oci_connect() возвращает идентификатор соединения, который используется большинством функций данного модуля. Необязательный третий параметр может содержать имя локального экземпляра Oracle или имя одной из записей в файле tnsnames.ora. Если третий параметр не указан, PHP использует переменные окружения ORACLE_SID и TWO_TASK, которые используются для определения имени локального экземпляра Oracle и местонахождения файла tnsnames.ora соответственно.

Замечание: oci_connect() не устанавливает соединение повторно, если соединение с такими параметрами (логин, пароль, имя сервера) уже было установлено. Вместо этого, oci_connect() вернет идентификатор уже открытого соединения. Это означает, что вам не следует использовать oci_connect() для разделения нескольких транзакций. Если вы уверены, что хотите установить соединение с теми же параметрами заново, то вам следует использовать oci_new_connect().

Если вы используете сервер Oracle версии 9.2 и выше, то вы можете указать кодировку, которая будет использована в новом соединении. Кодировка указывается в параметре charset . Если же вы используете версии сервера Oracle младше 9.2, то этот параметр будет проигнорирован, а вместо него будет использована переменная окружения NLS_LANG.

Пример #1 Пример использования oci_connect()


<?php
echo "<pre>";
$db = "";

$c1 = oci_connect("scott", "tiger", $db);
$c2 = oci_connect("scott", "tiger", $db);

function create_table($conn) 
{
  $stmt = oci_parse($conn, "create table scott.hallo (test varchar2(64))");
  oci_execute($stmt);
  echo $conn . " created table\n\n";
}

function drop_table($conn) 
{
  $stmt = oci_parse($conn, "drop table scott.hallo");
  oci_execute($stmt);
  echo $conn . " dropped table\n\n";
}

function insert_data($conn) 
{
  $stmt = oci_parse($conn, "insert into scott.hallo 
            values('$conn' || ' ' || to_char(sysdate,'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS'))");
  oci_execute($stmt, OCI_DEFAULT);
  echo $conn . " inserted hallo\n\n";
}

function delete_data($conn) 
{
  $stmt = oci_parse($conn, "delete from scott.hallo");
  oci_execute($stmt, OCI_DEFAULT);
  echo $conn . " deleted hallo\n\n";
}

function commit($conn) 
{
  oci_commit($conn);
  echo $conn . " committed\n\n";
}

function rollback($conn) 
{
  oci_rollback($conn);
  echo $conn . " rollback\n\n";
}

function select_data($conn) 
{
  $stmt = oci_parse($conn, "select * from scott.hallo");
  oci_execute($stmt, OCI_DEFAULT);
  echo $conn."----selecting\n\n";
  while (oci_fetch($stmt)) {
    echo $conn . " [" . oci_result($stmt, "TEST") . "]\n\n";
  }
  echo $conn . "----done\n\n";
}

create_table($c1);
insert_data($c1);   // Insert a row using c1
insert_data($c2);   // Insert a row using c2

select_data($c1);   // Results of both inserts are returned
select_data($c2);   

rollback($c1);      // Rollback using c1

select_data($c1);   // Both inserts have been rolled back
select_data($c2);   

insert_data($c2);   // Insert a row using c2
commit($c2);        // Commit using c2

select_data($c1);   // Result of c2 insert is returned

delete_data($c1);   // Delete all rows in table using c1
select_data($c1);   // No rows returned
select_data($c2);   // No rows returned
commit($c1);        // Commit using c1

select_data($c1);   // No rows returned
select_data($c2);   // No rows returned

drop_table($c1);
echo "</pre>";
?>

В случае ошибки oci_connect() возвращает FALSE.

Замечание: В версиях PHP ниже 5.0.0 эта функция называлась ocilogon(). В PHP 5.0.0 и выше ocilogon() является алиасом oci_connect(), поэтому вы можете продолжать использовать это имя, однако это не рекомендуется.

См. также oci_pconnect() и oci_new_connect().

Коментарии

Nov 21

Автор: M0no at ethonfusino dot com


If your oracle database is on a remote system within your local network and you don't want to worry about the tnsnames file you can try this.



$db = "(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.XX.XXX)(PORT = 1521)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=XXXX)))";



$c1 = ocilogon("name","password",$db);



Hope this helps someone.

2002-11-21 12:04:59

http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.oci-connect.html

Jul 14

Автор: ben at onshop dot co dot uk


There is a useful solution to the problem of securing connection information in the PHP Cookbook (O'Reilly) by David Sklar and Adam Trachtenberg. They propose using 'SetEnv' in the Apache configuration and then accessing the values from within a script using $_SERVER.



Unfortunately using the 'SetEnv' solution exposes your connection information to all users of that virtual host. If they run phpinfo.php or display $_SERVER, I found that they will see the password from any file under the root of that virtual host.



To restrict exposure to a particular directory or specific file:



1. First put an 'Include' to the secret file in httpd.conf. For example:



Include "/web/private/secret.txt"



2. In the password file, use the 'SetEnvIf' directive to enable the Environment variables by directory only or within a specific file. For example:



- For all files in the directory:



SetEnvIf Request_URI "/path/to/my/directory" ORACLE_PASS=5gHj790j



- For a specific file in the directory



SetEnvIf Request_URI "/path/to/my/directory/connection.oracle.php" ORACLE_PASS=5gHj790j

2005-07-14 08:25:24

http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.oci-connect.html

Sep 13

Автор: sebastien.barbieri _at_ gmail dot com


When you are using Oracle 9.2+ I would say that you MUST use the CHARSET parameter.



Of course, you will not notice it until there is accented character... so just specify it and you will avoid a big headache.



So for example here is our Oracle internal conf:

select * from nls_database_parameters;

 

PARAMETER                      VALUE

------------------------------ ----------------------------------------

…

NLS_LANGUAGE                   AMERICAN

NLS_TERRITORY                  AMERICA

NLS_ISO_CURRENCY               AMERICA

NLS_CHARACTERSET               WE8ISO8859P15

…

 

And there our oci_connect call:



$dbch=ocilogon($user,$pass,$connectString,"WE8ISO8859P15");



Without that, you will get question mark (inversed), squares… instead of most accented character.



Don’t forget to use that for writing as well as for reading.

2006-09-13 12:42:17

http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.oci-connect.html

Jun 30

Автор: sixd at php dot net


If you want to specify a connection timeout in case there is network problem, you can edit the client side (e.g. PHP side) sqlnet.ora file and set SQLNET.OUTBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT. This sets the upper time limit for establishing a connection right through to the DB, including the time for attempts to connect to other services.   It is available from Oracle 10.2.0.3 onwards.



In Oracle 11.1, a slightly lighter-weight solution TCP.CONNECT_TIMEOUT was introduced.  It also is a sqlnet.ora parameter.  It bounds just the TCP connection establishment time, which is mostly where connection problem are seen.



The client sqlnet.ora file should be put in the same directory as the tnsnames.ora file.

2008-06-30 19:33:56

http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.oci-connect.html

May 11

Автор: Leandro da Cunha Campos




ONE ALTERNATIVE OF CONNECT IN ORACLE RAC "Real Application Clusters"



<?php

$dbstr ="(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =ip1)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = banco)

(INSTANCE_NAME = banco1)))"; 

 

$dbstr1 ="(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =ip2)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = banco)

(INSTANCE_NAME = banco2)))"; 

 

if(!@($conn = oci_connect('user','password',$dbstr1)))

{ $conn = oci_connect('user','password',$dbstr) or die (ocierror()); }

?>

2009-05-11 14:04:56

http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.oci-connect.html

Jul 03

Автор: drew dot carmichael at gmail dot com


When using the OCI_CRED_EXT in php 

if the ENV $ORACLE_SID is set the DB does not need to be specified explicitly and the connection will fail unless you provide a NULL DB value when creating the connection. 



The $ORACLE_SID trumps the TNS name look up for the connection. So even a manual connection string in the DB parameter will fail.



So when the $ORACLE_SID Env is set a NULL passed instead of the DB name connects successfully. 



Hope this saves some hair pulling when moving to %.3 and OS Authentications

2009-07-03 16:55:05

http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.oci-connect.html

Jun 15

Автор: Jonathon Robinson


Regarding the following statement in the documentation:

"The second and subsequent calls to oci_connect() with the same parameters will return the connection handle returned from the first call."



There's one caveat here.  Subsequent calls to oci_connect() will only return the same connection handle as the first call as long as a reference is held to the original handle.



For example, the following code will generate *one* connection handle:



<?php

$dbh = oci_connect($username, $password, $conn_info);

// Do stuff

$dbh = oci_connect$username, $password, $conn_info);

// Do more stuff



The follow code will generate *two* connection handles:

getData();

// Do stuff

getData();

// Do more stuff



getData() {

    $dbh = oci_connect($username, $password, $conn_info);

    // Do stuff

}

?>



This is the result of PHP garbage collecting the handle at the end of the method scope.



If you want to isolate your DB layer through function calls but still want to leverage the fact that oci_connect can return the same handle, just keep a reference to the handle like so:



<?php

getData($username, $password, $conn_info) {

    $dbh = oci_connect($username, $password, $conn_info);

    $key = hash('md5', "$username|$password|$conn_info");

    $GLOBALS[$key] = $dbh;

    // Do stuff

}

?>



I originally logged this as a bug but apparently this is the expected behaviour, likely because oci_close($dbh) just calls unset($dbh).

2010-06-15 14:12:09

http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.oci-connect.html

Feb 07

Автор: jtacon at php dot net


If you upgrades the OCI8, be sure to use the latest oracle instantclient version, otherwise you can receive an "ORA-24315: illegal attribute type" when trying to connect due to incompatibility with some versions.



HTH,

Javier Tacón

2011-02-07 07:24:56

http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.oci-connect.html

Aug 07

Автор: peter at goldthorp dot com


I started getting "ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor" errors when I upgraded my database instance from 10.2 to 11.2.  For some reason it would not resolve the oci_connect calls with the Easy Connect syntax (easy connect calls from sqlplus were fine).  I was able to workaround the issue by passing a tns connect string:



<?php

$db = "(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.XX.XXX)(PORT = 1521)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=XXXX)))";



$c1 = oci_connect("name","password",$db);

?>

2011-08-07 18:28:42

http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.oci-connect.html

Feb 10

Автор: Anonymous


How to connect from PHP to an Oracle database using OID (Oracle Internet Directory):



OID is like a lookup index that contains connection strings for connecting to various databases. Without OID, a database connection string would be stored directly in the code settings and used by the PHP code to connect to a database. With OID, a lookup can be made to the OID LDAP to acquire the database connection string. Then the PHP code will use the acquired database connection string to connect to the database as before.



OID allows a DBA to manage/change which database server that an application uses without having to change any database settings in the PHP application itself or on the application server.



Here are the basic steps for PHP to connect to a database via OID:



- The DBA should provide you the connection information for the OID LDAP as well as the username/password for the database connection.

- Connect to the OID LDAP using the provided information

- Search for the appropriate LDAP record

- Get the connection string data from the record attribute, \&quot;orclnetdescstring\&quot;

- Close the LDAP connection

- Use the acquired connection string data to connect to the database as usual using the provided database username/password.



Here is basic sample code to do this:



// Get connection string from OID LDAP



    $ds=ldap_connect($servername,$serverport); // Connect to ldap

    $r=ldap_bind($ds); // Bind to ldap

    $sr = ldap_search($ds, \&quot;cn=OracleContext,dc=___,dc=___,dc=___\&quot;, \&quot;cn=$sid\&quot;); // Run query

    $info = ldap_get_entries($ds, $sr); // Get entries

    ldap_close($ds); // Close connection



    $dbconnectstring = $info[0][\&quot;orclnetdescstring\&quot;][0]; // Extract db connect string from ldap search result array



// Connect to database using acquired connection string from OID



    $dbconnection = oci_connect ($username,$password,$dbconnectstring);

2012-02-10 20:33:42

http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.oci-connect.html

Feb 16

Автор: blake dot lewis at gmail dot com


Using ldap for Oracle name resolution:



  The web server needs the environmental variable TNS_ADMIN='Directory of tnsname.ora'. I use '/etc/tns_admin'. Confirm using the phpinfo() function.



  There are three files needed in the TNS_ADMIN location: tnsnames.ora, sqlnet.ora and ldap.ora. If you are only using ldap, tnsnames.ora is not needed.



  To sqlnet.ora add: 

     NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH=(TNSNAMES,LDAP)



  To ldap.ora add:

     DIRECTORY_SERVERS=(ldap_fqdn_hostname:1575)

     DEFAULT_ADMIN_CONTEXT=""

     DIRECTORY_SERVER_TYPE=OID



  For a quick and dirty ldap tnsnames server use tnsManager by Dave Berry. Oracle OID or Openldap can used, but are complicated to setup. tnsManager is a no brainer. The default port is 1575.



  The order of values in NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH from sqlnet.ora determines which look up 'adapter' is used first, in this case it is tnsnames.ora file and then ldap. I use ldap for general consumption and tnsnames.ora file to override ldap or entries that are not for general consumption.



  If you have the full Oracle client you have tnsping. 'tnsping ORACLE_SID' will tell you what adapter you are using: 'Used LDAP adapter to resolve the alias'.



<?php

  echo system("/PATH/tnsping ".$ORACLE_SID." 2>&1")."<br />";

  echo 'TNS_ADMIN='.getenv('TNS_ADMIN');

?>



ISSUE:

  For some reason PHP tries the HOSTNAME adapter first, and if the database name resolves in DNS, it will try connecting using the database name as the hostname with no SID or SERVICE_NAME defined. All other Oracle clients I have used will not try the HOSTNAME adapter unless it is listed in NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH.

  I have heard that LDAP look up does not work with older instantclients.

2013-02-16 01:38:21

http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.oci-connect.html

Mar 08

Автор: blake dot lewis at gmail dot com


Using ldap for Oracle name resolution:



  The web server will need the environmental variable TNS_ADMIN='Directory of tnsname.ora' unless the default location is used. I use '/etc/tns_admin'. Confirm using the phpinfo().



  There are three files needed in the TNS_ADMIN location: tnsnames.ora, sqlnet.ora and ldap.ora. If you are only using ldap, tnsnames.ora is not needed.



  To sqlnet.ora add:

     NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH=(TNSNAMES,LDAP)



  To ldap.ora add:

     DIRECTORY_SERVERS=(ldap_server_fqdn:port)

     DEFAULT_ADMIN_CONTEXT=""

     DIRECTORY_SERVER_TYPE=OID



  For a quick and dirty ldap tnsnames server use tnsManager by Dave Berry. Oracle OID or Openldap can used, but are complicated to setup. tnsManager is a no brainer. The quick part: give it a tnsnames.ora file and start it up. The dirty parts: I can't get Toad and SQLDeveloper to work with it, it ignores the domain and it is no longer being maintained.



  The order of values in NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH in sqlnet.ora determines which look up 'adapter' is used, in this case it is tnsnames.ora file and then ldap. I use ldap for general consumption and tnsnames.ora file to override ldap or entries that are not for general consumption.



  If you have the full Oracle client you have tnsping. 'tnsping ORACLE_SID' will tell you what adapter you are using: 'Used LDAP adapter to resolve the alias'.



<?php

  echo system("/PATH/tnsping ".$ORACLE_SID." 2>&1")."<br />";

  echo 'TNS_ADMIN='.getenv('TNS_ADMIN');

?>



ISSUE:

  If connecting with only ORACLE_SID and not ORACLE_SID.DB_DOMAIN, the value of NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN from sqlnet.ora is appended, then for some reason PHP tries the HOSTNAME adapter, and if the database name resolves in DNS, it will fail connecting using the database name as the hostname, because neither SID nor SERVICE_NAME are defined.

  If using tnsManager append '.ANY_DOMAIN' to $ORACLE_SID to hack around the issue above.



  I have tested with:

       11.1.0.7 full client and PHP 5.1.6

       11.2.0.2 full client and PHP 5.4.11



  I have heard that LDAP lookup does not work with older instantclients.