pack
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
pack — Pack data into binary string
Описание
Pack given arguments into binary string according to format .
The idea for this function was taken from Perl and all formatting codes work the same as in Perl However, there are some formatting codes that are missing such as Perl's "u" format code.
Note that the distinction between signed and unsigned values only affects the function unpack(), where as function pack() gives the same result for signed and unsigned format codes.
Also note that PHP internally stores integer values as signed values of a machine-dependent size. If you give it an unsigned integer value too large to be stored that way it is converted to a float which often yields an undesired result.
Список параметров
- format
-
The format string consists of format codes followed by an optional repeater argument. The repeater argument can be either an integer value or * for repeating to the end of the input data. For a, A, h, H the repeat count specifies how many characters of one data argument are taken, for @ it is the absolute position where to put the next data, for everything else the repeat count specifies how many data arguments are consumed and packed into the resulting binary string.
Currently implemented formats are:
pack() format characters Code Description a NUL-padded string A SPACE-padded string h Hex string, low nibble first H Hex string, high nibble first c signed char C unsigned char s signed short (always 16 bit, machine byte order) S unsigned short (always 16 bit, machine byte order) n unsigned short (always 16 bit, big endian byte order) v unsigned short (always 16 bit, little endian byte order) i signed integer (machine dependent size and byte order) I unsigned integer (machine dependent size and byte order) l signed long (always 32 bit, machine byte order) L unsigned long (always 32 bit, machine byte order) N unsigned long (always 32 bit, big endian byte order) V unsigned long (always 32 bit, little endian byte order) f float (machine dependent size and representation) d double (machine dependent size and representation) x NUL byte X Back up one byte @ NUL-fill to absolute position - args
-
Возвращаемые значения
Returns a binary string containing data.
Примеры
Пример #1 pack() example
<?php
$binarydata = pack("nvc*", 0x1234, 0x5678, 65, 66);
?>
The resulting binary string will be 6 bytes long and contain the byte sequence 0x12, 0x34, 0x78, 0x56, 0x41, 0x42.
Коментарии
Note that the the upper command in perl looks like this:
$binarydata = pack ("n v c*", 0x1234, 0x5678, 65, 66);
In PHP it seems that no whitespaces are allowed in the first parameter. So if you want to convert your pack command from perl -> PHP, don't forget to remove the whitespaces!
You will get the same effect with
<?php
function _readInt($fp)
{
return unpack('V', fread($fp, 4));
}
?>
or unpack('N', ...) for big-endianness.
/* Convert float from HostOrder to Network Order */
function FToN( $val )
{
$a = unpack("I",pack( "f",$val ));
return pack("N",$a[1] );
}
/* Convert float from Network Order to HostOrder */
function NToF($val )
{
$a = unpack("N",$val);
$b = unpack("f",pack( "I",$a[1]));
return $b[1];
}
Be aware of format code H always padding the 0 for byte-alignment to the right (for odd count of nibbles).
So pack("H", "7") results in 0x70 (ASCII character 'p') and not in 0x07 (BELL character)
as well as pack("H*", "347") results in 0x34 ('4') and 0x70 ('p') and not 0x03 and 0x47.
Using pack to write Arabic char(s) to a file.
<?php
$text = "㔆㘆㘆";
$text = mb_convert_encoding($text, "UCS-2BE", "HTML-ENTITIES");
$len = mb_strlen($text);
$bom = mb_convert_encoding("", "unicode", "HTML-ENTITIES");
$fp = fopen('text.txt', 'w');
fwrite($fp, pack('a2', $bom));
fwrite($fp, pack("a{$len}", $text));
fwrite($fp, pack('a2', $bom));
fwrite($fp, pack('a2', "\n"));
fclose($fp);
?>
If you need to unpack a signed short from big-endian or little-endian specifically, instead of machine-byte-order, you need only unpack it as the unsigned form, and then if the result is >= 2^15, subtract 2^16 from it.
And example would be:
<?php
$foo = unpack("n", $signedbigendianshort);
$foo = $foo[1];
if($foo >= pow(2, 15)) $foo -= pow(2, 16);
?>
If you'd like to understand pack/unpack. There is a tutorial here in perl, that works equally well in understanding it for php:
http://perldoc.perl.org/perlpacktut.html
Even though in a 64-bit architecure intval(6123456789) = 6123456789, and sprintf('%b', 5000000000) = 100101010000001011111001000000000
pack will not treat anything passed to it as 64-bit. If you want to pack a 64-bit integer:
<?php
$big = 5000000000;
$left = 0xffffffff00000000;
$right = 0x00000000ffffffff;
$l = ($big & $left) >>32;
$r = $big & $right;
$good = pack('NN', $l, $r);
$urlsafe = str_replace(array('+','/'), array('-','_'), base64_encode($good));
//done!
//rebuild:
$unurl = str_replace(array('-','_'), array('+','/'), $urlsafe);
$binary = base64_decode($unurl);
$set = unpack('N2', $tmp);
print_r($set);
$original = $set[1] << 32 | $set[2];
echo $original, "\\r\\n";
?>
results in:
Array
(
[1] => 1
[2] => 705032704
)
5000000000
but ONLY on a 64-bit enabled machine and PHP distro.
A helper class to convert integer to binary strings and vice versa. Useful for writing and reading integers to / from files or sockets.
<?php
class int_helper
{
public static function int8($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("c", $i) : unpack("c", $i)[1];
}
public static function uInt8($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("C", $i) : unpack("C", $i)[1];
}
public static function int16($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("s", $i) : unpack("s", $i)[1];
}
public static function uInt16($i, $endianness=false) {
$f = is_int($i) ? "pack" : "unpack";
if ($endianness === true) { // big-endian
$i = $f("n", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === false) { // little-endian
$i = $f("v", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === null) { // machine byte order
$i = $f("S", $i);
}
return is_array($i) ? $i[1] : $i;
}
public static function int32($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("l", $i) : unpack("l", $i)[1];
}
public static function uInt32($i, $endianness=false) {
$f = is_int($i) ? "pack" : "unpack";
if ($endianness === true) { // big-endian
$i = $f("N", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === false) { // little-endian
$i = $f("V", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === null) { // machine byte order
$i = $f("L", $i);
}
return is_array($i) ? $i[1] : $i;
}
public static function int64($i) {
return is_int($i) ? pack("q", $i) : unpack("q", $i)[1];
}
public static function uInt64($i, $endianness=false) {
$f = is_int($i) ? "pack" : "unpack";
if ($endianness === true) { // big-endian
$i = $f("J", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === false) { // little-endian
$i = $f("P", $i);
}
else if ($endianness === null) { // machine byte order
$i = $f("Q", $i);
}
return is_array($i) ? $i[1] : $i;
}
}
?>
Usage example:
<?php
Header("Content-Type: text/plain");
include("int_helper.php");
echo int_helper::uInt8(0x6b) . PHP_EOL; // k
echo int_helper::uInt8(107) . PHP_EOL; // k
echo int_helper::uInt8("\x6b") . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; // 107
echo int_helper::uInt16(4101) . PHP_EOL; // \x05\x10
echo int_helper::uInt16("\x05\x10") . PHP_EOL; // 4101
echo int_helper::uInt16("\x05\x10", true) . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; // 1296
echo int_helper::uInt32(2147483647) . PHP_EOL; // \xff\xff\xff\x7f
echo int_helper::uInt32("\xff\xff\xff\x7f") . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; // 2147483647
// Note: Test this with 64-bit build of PHP
echo int_helper::uInt64(9223372036854775807) . PHP_EOL; // \xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x7f
echo int_helper::uInt64("\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x7f") . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL; // 9223372036854775807
?>
pack()h Hex string, low nibble first (not same hex2bin())
H Hex string, high nibble first (same hex2bin())