PDO::__construct
(PHP 5 >= 5.1.0, PECL pdo:0.1-1.0.3)
PDO::__construct — Creates a PDO instance representing a connection to a database
Описание
Creates a PDO instance to represent a connection to the requested database.
Список параметров
- dsn
-
The Data Source Name, or DSN, contains the information required to connect to the database.
In general, a DSN consists of the PDO driver name, followed by a colon, followed by the PDO driver-specific connection syntax. Further information is available from the PDO driver-specific documentation.
The dsn parameter supports three different methods of specifying the arguments required to create a database connection:
- Driver invocation
-
dsn contains the full DSN.
- URI invocation
-
dsn consists of
uri:followed by a URI that defines the location of a file containing the DSN string. The URI can specify a local file or a remote URL.uri:file:///path/to/dsnfile - Aliasing
-
dsn consists of a name name that maps to
pdo.dsn.namein php.ini defining the DSN string.Замечание: The alias must be defined in php.ini, and not .htaccess or httpd.conf
- username
-
The user name for the DSN string. This parameter is optional for some PDO drivers.
- password
-
The password for the DSN string. This parameter is optional for some PDO drivers.
- driver_options
-
A key=>value array of driver-specific connection options.
Возвращаемые значения
Returns a PDO object on success.
Errors/Exceptions
PDO::__construct() throws a PDOException if the attempt to connect to the requested database fails.
Примеры
Пример #1 Create a PDO instance via driver invocation
<?php
/* Connect to an ODBC database using driver invocation */
$dsn = 'mysql:dbname=testdb;host=127.0.0.1';
$user = 'dbuser';
$password = 'dbpass';
try {
$dbh = new PDO($dsn, $user, $password);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
echo 'Connection failed: ' . $e->getMessage();
}
?>
Пример #2 Create a PDO instance via URI invocation
The following example assumes that the file /usr/local/dbconnect exists with file permissions that enable PHP to read the file. The file contains the PDO DSN to connect to a DB2 database through the PDO_ODBC driver:
odbc:DSN=SAMPLE;UID=john;PWD=mypass
The PHP script can then create a database connection by simply passing the uri: parameter and pointing to the file URI:
<?php
/* Connect to an ODBC database using driver invocation */
$dsn = 'uri:file:///usr/local/dbconnect';
$user = '';
$password = '';
try {
$dbh = new PDO($dsn, $user, $password);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
echo 'Connection failed: ' . $e->getMessage();
}
?>
Пример #3 Create a PDO instance using an alias
The following example assumes that php.ini contains the following entry to enable a connection to a MySQL database using only the alias mydb:
[PDO]
pdo.dsn.mydb="mysql:dbname=testdb;host=localhost"
<?php
/* Connect to an ODBC database using an alias */
$dsn = 'mydb';
$user = '';
$password = '';
try {
$dbh = new PDO($dsn, $user, $password);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
echo 'Connection failed: ' . $e->getMessage();
}
?>
- PHP Руководство
- Функции по категориям
- Индекс функций
- Справочник функций
- Расширения для работы с базами данных
- Уровни абстракции
- Объекты данных PHP
- Функция PDO::beginTransaction() - Инициализация транзакции
- Функция PDO::commit() - Фиксирует транзакцию
- Функция PDO::__construct() - Создает экземпляр PDO, предоставляющий соединение с базой данных
- Функция PDO::errorCode() - Возвращает код SQLSTATE результата последней операции с базой данных
- PDO::errorInfo
- PDO::exec
- Функция PDO::getAttribute() - Получить атрибут соеденения с базой данных
- Функция PDO::getAvailableDrivers() - Возвращает массив доступных драйверов PDO
- Функция PDO::inTransaction() - Проверяет, есть ли внутри транзакция
- Функция PDO::lastInsertId() - Возвращает ID последней вставленной строки или последовательное значение
- PDO::prepare
- PDO::query
- Функция PDO::quote() - Заключает строку в кавычки для использования в запросе
- Функция PDO::rollBack() - Откат транзакции
- Функция PDO::setAttribute() - Присвоение атрибута
Коментарии
To specify a database connection port use the following DSN string
<?php
$dsn = 'mysql:dbname=testdb;host=127.0.0.1;port=3333';
?>
If you use the UTF-8 encoding, you have to use the fourth parameter :
<?php
$db = new PDO('mysql:host=myhost;dbname=mydb', 'login', 'password', array(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''));
?>
To connect throught unix socket you need to use
<?php
$dsn = 'mysql:dbname=testdb;unix_socket=/path/to/socket';
?>
You musn't specify host when using socket.
Sqlite:
<?php
try{
$pdo = new PDO('sqlite:example.db');
}catch (PDOException $e){
die ('DB Error');
}
?>
If 'example.db' does not exist, no exception is thrown but the file 'example.db' is created.
To get UTF-8 charset you can specify that in the DSN.
$link = new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;dbname=DB;charset=UTF8");
Although not explicitly stated, parameters in the PDO $dsn string may be case-sensitive on some platforms or drivers.
<?php
// The dbname will not be parsed with incorrect casing:
$pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=hostname;DBName=database", "user", "password");
// The correct dbname is lowercase, as displayed in the manual:
$pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=hostname;dbname=database", "user", "password");
?>
I'd like to point out that in PHP 7.0 in the dsn parameter you can't use 'host=localhost' to solve this you can use 'host=127.0.0.1' instead.You will get a fatal error if you don't catch the exception threw by PDO when it fails to connect to the database server like this.
Fatal error: in xxx.php on line xx
This error neither can be handled by error handlers nor can it be erased by the @ sign, which can make your script uncontrollable.
<?php
$db = new pdo('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=mysql;charset=utf8','user','password',array(
PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
));
?>
You should always try ... catch ...
<?php
try{
$db = new pdo('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=mysql;charset=utf8','user','password',array(
PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
));
}catch(PDOException $pe){
echo $pe->getMessage();
}
?>
Most of the information in the comment here is outdated or wrong.
You do can use host=localhost to connect via socket, which is faster than TCP, so setting 127.0.0.1 is a performance loss.
To use proper utf you should use utf8mb4, for example:
$db = new PDO('mysql:host=' . DATABASE_HOST . ';dbname='. DATABASE_NAME .';charset=utf8mb4', DATABASE_USER, DATABASE_PASSWORD);
When trying to connect to a local database, it seems "uri:file:///" is no longer needed. Just write the PDO pilot name followed by the absolute path of the file.Example : sqlite:C:\VirtualHosts\phpliteadmin\dbs\surveillance_logeas.s3DB
// set DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE<?php
try {
$p = new PDO("mysql:host=$db_host;port=$db_port;dbname=$db_dbname", $db_user, $db_pass,array(
PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE =>PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES utf8', //after php5.3.6
));
//$p->exec('SET NAMES utf8');
} catch (PDOException $e) {
print "Error!: " . $e->getMessage() . "<br/>";
die();
}
?>
If you override PDO with own class and you want to implement alias from php.ini, you have to get it with `get_cfg_var` instead of `ini_get`.
<?php
class PDO extends \PDO
{
public function __construct(string $dsn, ?string $username = null, ?string $password = null, ?array $options = null)
{
//alias
if (!str_contains($dsn, ':')) {
$dsn = get_cfg_var('pdo.dsn.' . $dsn);
if (!$dsn) {
throw new PDOException('Argument #1 ($dsn) must be a valid data source name');
}
}
// your additional logic
parent::__construct($dsn, $username, $password, $options);
}
}
?>
A generic pattern to connect to a mariadb or mysql database using a settings file
<?php
$_SETTINGS = parse_ini_file('./settings.ini', true);
$db = new \PDO(
"mysql:hostname={$_SETTINGS['db']['host']};dbname={$_SETTINGS['db']['name']}",
$_SETTINGS['db']['user'],
$_SETTINGS['db']['pass'],
[
\PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
\PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => "SET NAMES 'utf8mb4'"
]
);
?>
You might not need the options depicted here but I find them convenient.
Works with a settings.ini file containing for instance:
[db]
host = "localhost"
name = "dbname"
user = "dbuser"
pass = "dbpassword"
SQLite3: by default, the database file is created on opening if it does not exist (PDO::SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE).
<?php
$dsn = 'sqlite:D:\Databases\non_existing.db'; // file does not exist
try {
$dbh = new PDO($dsn);
}
catch(PDOException $e) {
print $e->getMessage();
}
?>
No Exception is thrown, instead file "non_existing.db" will be created. To avoid this, use:
<?php
$dsn = 'sqlite:D:\Databases\non_existing.db';
$options = [
PDO::SQLITE_ATTR_OPEN_FLAGS => PDO::SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE,
];
try {
$dbh = new PDO('sqlite:D:\Databases\non_existing.db', null, null, $options);
}
catch(PDOException $e) {
print $e->getMessage();
}
?>
This will ouput:
SQLSTATE[HY000] [14] unable to open database file
If you want to open the database read-only, use PDO::SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY.