Сокрытие PHP
В общем случае внесение неясности ненамного улучшает защищенность системы. Но бывают случаи, когда следует использовать малейшую возможность.
Несколько несложных методик могут помочь вам скрыть PHP, что усложняет работу потенциального взломщика, который пытается найти брешь в вашей системе. Установив опцию expose_php = off в конфигурационном файле php.ini, вы уменьшите количество доступной хакеру информации.
Еще одна методика заключается в настройке веб-сервера таким образом, чтобы он обрабатывал файлы с различными расширениями как PHP-скрипты. Это можно указать как в .htaccess файлах, так и конфигурационном файле Apache. В таком случае вы сможете использовать при написании кода нестандартные расширения:
Пример #1 Маскировка PHP под другие языки программирования
# Теперь PHP-скрипты могут иметь те же расширения, что и другие языки программирования AddType application/x-httpd-php .asp .py .pl
Пример #2 Использование неизвестных расширений для PHP-скриптов
# Теперь PHP-скрипты могут иметь неизвестные типы файлов AddType application/x-httpd-php .bop .foo .133t
Пример #3 Маскировка PHP-кода под html-файлы
# Теперь PHP-скртпы могут выглядеть как обыкновенный HTML AddType application/x-httpd-php .htm .html
- Вступление
- Общие рассуждения
- Если PHP установлен как CGI
- Если PHP установлен как модуль Apache
- Session Security
- Безопасность файловой системы
- Безопасность баз данных
- Сообщения об ошибках
- Использование глобальных переменных (Register_Globals)
- Данные, введенные пользователем
- Волшебные кавычки
- Сокрытие PHP
- Необходимость обновлений
Коментарии
And use theServerTokens min
directive in your httpd.conf to hide installed PHP modules in apache.
To hide PHP, you need following php.ini settings
expose_php=Off
display_errors=Off
and in httpd.conf
ServerSignature Off
(min works, but I prefer off)
I usually do:
<code>
RewriteEngine on<br>
RewriteOptions inherit<br>
RewriteRule (.*)\.htm[l]?(.*) $1.php$2 [nocase]<br>
</code>
in .htaccess. You'll need mod_rewrite installed for this .
PS. If you want to use pretty URLs (i.e. hide your .php extensions) AND you have safe-mode=on, the previous example (ForceType) won't work for you. The problem is that safe-mode forces Apache to honor trailing characters in a requested URL. This means that:
http://www.example.com/home
would still be processed by the home script in our doc root, but for:
http://www.example.com/home/contact_us.html
apache would actually look for the /home/contact_us.html file in our doc root.
The best solution I've found is to set up a virtual host (which I do for everything, even the default doc root) and override the trailing characters handling within the virtual host. So, for a virtual host listening on port 8080, the apache directives would look like this:
<VirtualHost *:8080>
DocumentRoot /web/doc_root
Alias /home "/web/doc_root/home.php"
AcceptPathInfo On
</VirtualHost>
Some people might question why we are overriding the trailing characters handling (with the AcceptPathInfo directive) instead of just turning safe-mode=off. The reason is that safe mode sets global limitations on the entire server, which can then be turned on or left off for each specific virtual host. This is the equivilent of blocking all connections on a firewall, and then opening up only the ones you want, which is a lot safer than leaving everything open globally, and assuming your programmers will never overlook a possible security hole.
Using the .php extension for all your scripts is not necessary, and in fact can be harmful (by exposing too much information about your server, and by limiting what you can do in the future without breaking links). There are several ways to hide your .php script extension:
(1) Don't hard code file types at all. Don't specify any dots, and most web servers will automatically find your .php, .html, .pdf, .gif or other matching file. This is called canonical URL format:
www.xxxxxx.com/page
www.xxxxxx.com/directory/
This gives you great flexibility to change your mind in the future, and prevents Windows browsers from making improper assumptions about the file type.
(2) In an Apache .htaccess file use:
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule page.html page.php
(3) Force the webserver to interpret ALL .html files as .php:
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php3 .php .html
More fun includes files without file extensions.
Simply add that ForceType application/x-httpd-php bit to an Apache .htaccess and you're set.
Oh yea, it gets even better when you play with stuff like the following:
<?php
substr($_SERVER['PATH_INFO'],1);
?>
e.g. www.example.com/somepage/55
And:
<?php
foreach ( explode('/',$_SERVER['PATH_INFO']) as $pair ) {
list($key,$value) = split('=',$pair,2);
$param[$key] = stripslashes($value);
}
?>
e.g. www.example.com/somepage/param1=value1/param2=value2/etc=etc
Enjoy =)
adding MultiViews to your apache Options configlets you hide/omit .php in the url without any rewriting, etc...
You can see if somebody's using PHP just by adding the following to the end of the URL:
?=PHPB8B5F2A0-3C92-11d3-A3A9-4C7B08C10000
If the page is using PHP, this will show the PHP credits.
Setting expose_php to Off in php.ini prevents this.
What about this in a .htaccess file :
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^$ /index.php [L]
RewriteRule ^([a-zA-Z0-9\-\_/]*)/$ /$1/index.php [L]
RewriteRule ^([a-zA-Z0-9\-\_/]*)\.(html|htm)$ /$1.php [L]
RewriteRule ^([a-zA-Z0-9\-\_/]*)$ /$1.php [L]
Typing "sub.domain.foo/anything" loads "/anything/index.php" if 'anything' is a directory, else it loads "/anything.php".
I'm sure you can find mutch better, but it works great on my site :)
Keep in mind, if your really freaked out over hiding PHP, GD will expose you.
Go ahead - make an image with GD and open with a text editor.. Somewhere in there you'll see a comment with gd & php all over it.
I?ve found an easy way to hide php code and the uri is searchable by google and others...(only for unix or linux)
At first I have some rules in my hide.conf (i made an extra .conf for it (apache 2.0))
For example when I want to mask the index.php
<Files index>
ForceType application/x-httpd-php
</Files>
My problem is, that my code should be readable...
so I made an extra folder for example srv/www/htdocs/static_output
My phpcode is in the includefolder....(for ex. mnt/source/index.php)
Then I made a link in the shell > ln mnt/source/index.php srv/www/htdocs/static_output/index
So the code is readable (with .php extension) in my includefolder and there is only the link in the srv folder without extension(which is called by the browser...).
In response to the previous messages, for apache, there is a easier way to set files without "." to be executed by PHP, just put this in a ".htaccess" file :
DefaultType application/x-httpd-php
In order to get the PATH_INFO to work in order to pass parameters using a hidden program/trailing slash/"pretty url" in more recent versions of PHP you MUST add "AcceptPathInfo On" to your httpd.conf.
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .html
AcceptPathInfo On
Try it out with your phpinfo page and you'll be able to search for PATH_INFO.
http://example.com/myphpinfo.php/showmetheway
If you want to drop the .php use one or both of these:
DefaultType application/x-httpd-php
ForceType application/x-httpd-php
I think the best way to hide PHP on Apache and Apache itself is this:
httpd.conf
-------------
# ...
# Minimize 'Server' header information
ServerTokens Prod
# Disable server signature on server generated pages
ServerSignature Off
# ...
# Set default file type to PHP
DefaultType application/x-httpd-php
# ...
php.ini
------------
; ...
expose_php = Off
; ...
Now the URLs will look like this:
http://my.server.com/forums/post?forumid=15
Now hacker knows only that you are using Apache.
I use the following in the .htaccess document
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
</IfModule>
then the following simple code
<?php
$permalinks = explode("/",$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);
$varone = $permalinks[1];
$vartwo = $permalinks[2];
...
?>
So far I haven't seen a working rewriter of /foo/bar into /foo/bar.php, so I created my own. It does work in top-level directory AND subdirectories and it doesn't need hardcoding the RewriteBase.
.htaccess:
RewriteEngine on
# Rewrite /foo/bar to /foo/bar.php
RewriteRule ^([^.?]+)$ %{REQUEST_URI}.php [L]
# Return 404 if original request is /foo/bar.php
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} "^[^ ]* .*?\.php[? ].*$"
RewriteRule .* - [L,R=404]
# NOTE! FOR APACHE ON WINDOWS: Add [NC] to RewriteCond like this:
# RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} "^[^ ]* .*?\.php[? ].*$" [NC]
The idea of hiding the X-Powered-By in PHP is a flawed attempt at establishing security. As the manual indicates, obscurity is not security. If I were exploiting a site, I wouldn't check what scripting language the site runs on, because all that would matter to me is exploiting it. Hiding the fact that you use [x] language isn't going to prevent me from bypassing poor security.Set INI directive "expose_php" to "off" will also help.You can spoof your PHP to ASP.NET by using:
<?php
error_reporting(0);
header("X-Powered-By: ASP.NET");
?>
It's a good idea to "hide" PHP anyway so you can write a RESTful web application.
Using Apache Mod Rewrite:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^control/([^/]+)/(.*)$ sitecontroller.php?control=$1&query=$2
You then use a function like the following as a way to retrieve data (in a zero indexed fashion) from the $_GET superglobal.
<?php
function myGET() {
$aGet = array();
if(isset($_GET['query'])) {
$aGet = explode('/', $_GET['query']);
}
return $aGet;
}
?>
This is only a really basic example of course - you can do a lot with Mod Rewrite and a custom 'GET' function.
The session name defaults to PHPSESSID. This is used as the name of the session cookie that is sent to the user's web browser / client. (Example: PHPSESSID=kqjqper294faui343o98ts8k77).
To hide this, call session_name() with the $name parameter set to a generic name, before calling session_start(). Example:
session_name("id");
session_start();
Cheers.
try this
RewriteEngine On
# Unless directory, remove trailing slash
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^([^/]+)/$ http://example.com/folder/$1 [R=301,L]
# Redirect external .php requests to extensionless url
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^(.+)\.php([#?][^\ ]*)?\ HTTP/
RewriteRule ^(.+)\.php$ http://example.com/folder/$1 [R=301,L]
# Resolve .php file for extensionless php urls
RewriteRule ^([^/.]+)$ $1.php [L]
I used this on my site and it works great for me
# RewriteEngine on
# Rewrite /foo/bar to /foo/bar.php
# RewriteRule ^([^.?]+)$ %{REQUEST_URI}.php [L]
# Return 404 if original request is /foo/bar.php
# RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} "^[^ ]* .*?\.php[? ].*$"
# RewriteRule .* - [L,R=404]
# NOTE! FOR APACHE ON WINDOWS: Add [NC] to RewriteCond like this:
# RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} "^[^ ]* .*?\.php[? ].*$" [NC]
Just hiding it doesn't look like good "security" if the code itself is flawed. At the end of the day the code has to run regardless of its file extension. There could be some advantages to this. But it does not prevent someone (who is not a script-kiddie or some kind of automated bot) from exploiting the flaws in the code.
Just a thought.
Just leaving this comment to prevent a beginner from using this as a legitimate security measure (assuming they read documentation). Cool feature though.