system
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)
system — Выполняет внешнюю программу и отображает её вывод
Описание
$command
[, int &$return_var
] )
system() похожа на C-версию этой
функции в том, что она выполняет указанную команду
command и выводит её результат.
Вызов функции system() также пытается автоматически очистить буфер вывода веб-сервера после каждой строки вывода, если PHP работает как модуль сервера.
Если вам нужно выполнить команду и получить все данные из команды непосредственно без каких-либо препятствий, используйте функцию passthru().
Список параметров
-
command -
Команда, которая будет выполнена.
-
return_var -
Если есть аргумент
return_var, то код возврата выполняемой команды будет записан в эту переменную.
Возвращаемые значения
Возвращает последнюю строку вывода команды в случае успеха, и FALSE
- в случае неудачи.
Примеры
Пример #1 Пример использования system()
<?php
echo '<pre>';
// Выводит весь результат шелл-команды "ls", и возвращает
// последнюю строку вывода в переменной $last_line. Сохраняет код возврата
// шелл-команды в $retval.
$last_line = system('ls', $retval);
// Выводим дополнительную информацию
echo '
</pre>
<hr />Последняя строка вывода: ' . $last_line . '
<hr />Код возврата: ' . $retval;
?>
Примечания
Если вы собираетесь передавать функции пользовательские данные, используйте функции escapeshellarg() или escapeshellcmd() для того, чтобы пользователи не смогли обмануть систему, запустив произвольную команду.
Замечание:
Если вы собираетесь использовать эту функцию в программе, работающей в качестве демона, убедитесь, что стандартный вывод функции направлен в файл или другой поток, в противном случае PHP зависнет вплоть до конца выполнения программы.
Замечание: В случае работы в безопасном режиме, вы можете запускать что-либо только в пределах safe_mode_exec_dir. В настоящее время по практическим причинам запрещено использование .. в качестве компонента пути к исполняемому файлу.
В случае работы в безопасном режиме, строка с командой экранируется с помощью escapeshellcmd(). Таким образом echo y | echo x становится echo y \| echo x.
Смотрите также
- exec() - Исполняет внешнюю программу
- passthru() - Выполняет внешнюю программу и отображает необработанный вывод
- popen() - Открывает файловый указатель процесса
- escapeshellcmd() - Экранирует метасимволы командной строки
- pcntl_exec() - Executes specified program in current process space
- оператор "обратный апостроф"
Коментарии
If no headers have been printed, calling the system() function will flush the headers to the client and insert a newline; no further headers or cookies will be transferred to the browser. In version 3.0.7, you will not be warned that the Header() function failed, but will be warned if trying to set a cookie. If you want to continue to send headers after the function call, use exec() instead.If you are trying to parse a CGI script to your webserver which needs arguments, take a look to the virtual() function .. it took me long before i found out it existed...It's used like this:
<?php
virtual("/cgi-bin/lastuser.cgi?argument");
?>
And that works excellent now for me
Hi,some tips for using a system()-call for batch files on a windows computer:
* Write the path to the executable with double back-slashes, like so:
C:\\path\\to\\prog.exe
* If you are refering to other pathes, e.g. as a parameter, one back-slash works fine.
* Do not use SET for declaring parameters - this does not work! Example:
SET PATH="C:\path\to\lib"
echo path is %PATH%
This works fine when started from the comand line, but when called from PHP, the variable is just empty.
For PHP running inside a Webserver:
When calling a process via
system("your_process &");
to make it running in background, note that this process is killed when the webserver is restarted.
To run a full screen program from a PHP CLI script, redirect input from and output to /dev/tty. For example:
system("timeconfig > /dev/tty < /dev/tty");
System will wait for the program to finish before continuing.
Re: cpmorris at hotmail dot com and WINNT.
I just spent some time learning to use the php system function. I managed to get long file names to work for me. It seems you need to take the same approach that batch files, WSH, and most other programming languages do under WinNT/2K/XP. Putting double quotes around the Path+Filename seems to work. So, something like this should have worked for you:
"c:\program files\apache group\apache2\bin\htpasswd"
Note that if you have parameters, they go OUTSIDE of the last quote. Oh, and don't forget to escape the slashes and quotes!
I don't know what htpasswd's params are, but let us pretend:
$cmd="\"c:\\program files\\apache group\\apache2\\bin\\htpasswd\" username password";
$str=system($cmd);
Hope this helps someone!
Leonard
http:\\www.lc.yi.org
another reason to use shell_exec instead of system is when the result is multiple lines such as grep or ls
<?php
// this correctly sets answer string to all lines found
//$answer = shell_exec ("grep 'set of color names' *.php ");
//echo "answer = $answer";
// this passes all lines to output (they show on page)
// and sets answer string to the final line
$sys = system ("grep 'set of color names' *.php ");
echo "sys =(($sys))";
?>
here is view/source resulting from system call
setprefs.php:// The standard set of color names is:
setprefs.php:// Most browsers accept a wider set of color names
silly.php: //$answer = shell_exec ("grep 'set of color names' *.php ");
silly.php: $sys = system ("grep 'set of color names' *.php ");
sys =((silly.php: $sys = system ("grep 'set of color names' *.php ");))
and here is view source from using shell_exec instead
answer = setprefs.php:// The standard set of color names is:
setprefs.php:// Most browsers accept a wider set of color names
silly.php: $answer = shell_exec ("grep 'set of color names' *.php ");
silly.php:// $sys = system ("grep 'set of color names' *.php ");
Do not use "system" if you use the "php.ini" option:
zlib.output_compression = On
Doing so will result in the browser receiving garbage (I'm guessing the headers/buffers get confused).
Use passthru in this case, it appears to work as intended.
It's important to note that if you are running a series of system() commands in a loop, you need to include the second argument in order for them to run synchonously.
ie)
// this will execute process.php asynchronously; not waiting for completion before executing the next one.
$array = array('apple', 'banana', 'pear');
foreach($array as $i)
{
system("php process.php \"fruit=$i\"");
}
// this will execute process.php 3 times, waiting for the prior command to complete before starting a new one
$array = array('apple', 'banana', 'pear');
foreach($array as $i)
{
system("php process.php \"fruit=$i\"", $status);
}
It is possible to only capture the error stream (STERR). Here it goes...
(some_command par1 par2 > /dev/null) 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3
-First STDOUT is redirected to /dev/null.
-By using parenthesis it is possible to gain control over STERR and STOUT again.
-Then switch STERR with STOUT.
The switch is using the standard variable switch method -- 3 variables (buckets) are required to swap 2 variables with each other. (you have 2 variables and you need to switch the contents - you must bring in a 3rd temporary variable to hold the contents of one value so you can properly swap them).
This link gave me this information:
http://www.cpqlinux.com/redirect.html
You probably want to check your system calls for errors. The convention is to return 0 for "no error" which is the same as FALSE which can be confusing. You need to do something like:
<?php
$cmd = "/usr/bin/pngtopnm $png_file > $pnm_file";
system($cmd,$return_value);
($return_value == 0) or die("returned an error: $cmd");
?>
An example of using the system to call the file command on a linux server. This script detects whether a user posted file is a jpeg, gif or png
<?PHP
$accepted_types=array("JPEG" , "GIF", "PNG");
// The temporary filename of the file in which the uploaded file was stored on the server.
if(!empty($_FILES["uploadedfile"]))
{
$uploaddir = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']."/images/";
$uploaddir.=basename( $_FILES['uploadedfile']['name']);
//verfiy file using linux FILE command
$last_line = system('file '.escapeshellarg($_FILES['uploadedfile']['tmp_name']), $retval);
//get the file extension returned through magic database
$splitvals=explode(' image data' , $last_line);
$vals=explode(':', $splitvals[0]);
$vals[1]=str_replace(' ','', $vals[1]);
if (in_array($vals[1], $accepted_types))
{
echo $vals[1].' was accepted <br />';
if(!file_exists($uploaddir)){
//Copy the file to some permanent location
if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES["uploadedfile"]["tmp_name"], $uploaddir))
{
echo $uploaddir." was uploaded! <br />";
}
else
{
echo "There was a problem when uploding the new file, please contact admin about this.";
}
}
else echo 'This file already exists in DB please rename file before uploading';
}
}else echo $_FILES['uploadedfile']['error'].'<br />';
?>
The double quote problem on Windows platform discussed earlier here in comments still present in PHP 5.2.5. You can't execute system($command) if $command contains more than 2 " chars. system('"echo" A'); works, while system('"echo" "A"'); does not. Search comment, that was a solution posted to overhaul this issue via temporary .bat file.How to produce a system beep with PHP.
<?php
function beep ($int_beeps = 1) {
for ($i = 0; $i < $int_beeps; $i++): $string_beeps .= "\x07"; endfor;
isset ($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']) ? false : print $string_beeps;
}
?>
This will not do anything when running through a browser, if running through a shell it will produce an audible beep $int_beeps times. This should work on Windows, Unix, etc.
This is a work-around that makes the program run in it's own directory instead of the script's.
example usage:
<?php runAsynchronously("c:\games\jazz2\jazz2.exe","-connect 1.2.3.4"); ?>
<?php
function runAsynchronously($path,$arguments) {
$WshShell = new COM("WScript.Shell");
$oShellLink = $WshShell->CreateShortcut("temp.lnk");
$oShellLink->TargetPath = $path;
$oShellLink->Arguments = $arguments;
$oShellLink->WorkingDirectory = dirname($path);
$oShellLink->WindowStyle = 1;
$oShellLink->Save();
$oExec = $WshShell->Run("temp.lnk", 7, false);
unset($WshShell,$oShellLink,$oExec);
unlink("temp.lnk");
}
?>
If you can't see any output or error from system(), shell_exec() etc, you could try this:
<?php
function my_exec($cmd, $input='')
{$proc=proc_open($cmd, array(0=>array('pipe', 'r'), 1=>array('pipe', 'w'), 2=>array('pipe', 'w')), $pipes);
fwrite($pipes[0], $input);fclose($pipes[0]);
$stdout=stream_get_contents($pipes[1]);fclose($pipes[1]);
$stderr=stream_get_contents($pipes[2]);fclose($pipes[2]);
$rtn=proc_close($proc);
return array('stdout'=>$stdout,
'stderr'=>$stderr,
'return'=>$rtn
);
}
var_export(my_exec('echo -e $(</dev/stdin) | wc -l', 'h\\nel\\nlo'));
?>
For example, "echo shell_exec('ls');" will get nothing output,
"my_exec('ls');" will get "sh: ls: command not found",
"my_exec('/bin/ls');" will maybe get "sh: /bin/ls: Permission denied",
and the permission may be caused by selinux.
This is for WINDOWS users. I am running apache and I have been trying for hours now to capture the output of a command.
I'd tried everything that is written here and then continued searching online with no luck at all. The output of the command was never captured. All I got was an empty array.
Finally, I found a comment in a blog by a certain amazing guy that solved my problems.
Adding the string ' 2>&1' to the command name finally returned the output!! This works in exec() as well as system() in PHP since it uses stream redirection to redirect the output to the correct place!
system("yourCommandName 2>&1",$output) ;
Windows commands requiring a GUI.
Alot of the info on this topic is from the 2010-2012 time frame and referring to XP, and basically don't work. I am using apache/php/mysql in windows 7.
When requiring a system command in windows with a GUI - such as a labview executable, notepad, etc..., others have mentioned the psexec command from sysinternals, since cmd /c wont work, but the specific use was not real clearly defined. Here is what worked for me on windows 7:
system('C:/nttools/2019/psexec \\\\10.100.100.101 -i -u administrator -p password -accepteula -nobanner C:\\htdocs\\test\\test.bat');
The path to the psexec executable is with forward slashes, the remote PC network location (which was actually the local PC, not remote) was \\ip_address with an extra backslash for each backslash so that required the 4 \'s.
The path for the command to be executed by psexec required backslashes, which also requires double backslashes.
The -i option is for an interactive program, and is required for it to properly run, otherwise it show up in the taskmanager but not be visable or execute properly if given command line arguments.
The -accepteula -nobanner is to suppress the sysinternals message box about their license.
My command to execute is really long with multiple command line inputs with many surrounded in double quotes, so I thought it would be easiest to put that in a batch file and just call the bat file. Works great, remote users loading the webpage causes the executable to pop up on the web server, do its analysis and disappear. Labview can read native excel files with active-x functions and write to a mysql data base to store results etc, so thats a pretty powerful combination of functions.