mb_convert_case
(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5)
mb_convert_case — Производит смену регистра символов в строке
Описание
$str
, int $mode = MB_CASE_UPPER
[, string $encoding = mb_internal_encoding()
] )
Производит смену регистра символов в строке string в
соответствии с режимом mode.
Список параметров
-
str -
Строка (string) для преобразования.
-
mode -
Режим смены регистра. Это может быть одна из констант
MB_CASE_UPPER,MB_CASE_LOWERилиMB_CASE_TITLE. -
encoding -
Параметр
encodingпредставляет собой символьную кодировку. Если он опущен, вместо него будет использовано значение внутренней кодировки.
Возвращаемые значения
Строка string преобразованная в соответствии с режимом
mode.
Юникод
В отличие от стандартных функций смены регистра, вроде strtolower() и strtoupper(), смена регистра осуществляется на основе свойств символа Юникода. Таким образом, на поведение функции не влияют региональные настройки системы, и она может конвертировать любые символы, имеющие 'алфавитное' свойство, как например А-умляут (Ä).
Дополнительную информацию о свойствах Юникода смотрите по ссылке» http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/.
Примеры
Пример #1 Пример использования mb_convert_case()
<?php
$str = "у мэри был маленький ягненок и она его очень любила";
$str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
echo $str; // Выведет У МЭРИ БЫЛ МАЛЕНЬКИЙ ЯГНЕНОК И ОНА ЕГО ОЧЕНЬ ЛЮБИЛА
$str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8");
echo $str; // Выведет У Мэри Был Маленький Ягненок И Она Его Очень Любила
?>
Пример #2 Пример использования mb_convert_case() с нелатинским UTF-8 текстом
<?php
$str = "Τάχιστη αλώπηξ βαφής ψημένη γη, δρασκελίζει υπέρ νωθρού κυνός";
$str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
echo $str; // Выведет ΤΆΧΙΣΤΗ ΑΛΏΠΗΞ ΒΑΦΉΣ ΨΗΜΈΝΗ ΓΗ, ΔΡΑΣΚΕΛΊΖΕΙ ΥΠΈΡ ΝΩΘΡΟΎ ΚΥΝΌΣ
$str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8");
echo $str; // Выведет Τάχιστη Αλώπηξ Βαφήσ Ψημένη Γη, Δρασκελίζει Υπέρ Νωθρού Κυνόσ
?>
Смотрите также
- mb_strtolower() - Приведение строки к нижнему регистру
- mb_strtoupper() - Приведение строки к верхнему регистру
- strtolower() - Преобразует строку в нижний регистр
- strtoupper() - Преобразует строку в верхний регистр
- ucfirst() - Преобразует первый символ строки в верхний регистр
- ucwords() - Преобразует в верхний регистр первый символ каждого слова в строке
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Коментарии
For CZECH characters:<?php
$text = mb_convert_case($text, MB_CASE_LOWER, "Windows-1251");
?>
The right encoding Windows-1250 is not valid (see the list mb_list_encodings), but Windows-1251 will do the same 100%. The function strtolower() ignores czech characters with diacritics.
For my case following did the work to capitalize UTF-8 encoded string.
function capitalize($str, $encoding = 'UTF-8') {
return mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($str, 0, 1, $encoding), $encoding) . mb_strtolower(mb_substr($str, 1, mb_strlen($str), $encoding), $encoding);
}
Building upon Justin's and Alex's work...
This function allows you to specify which delimiter(s) to explode on (not just the default space). Now you can correctly capitalize Irish names and hyphenated words (if you want)!
<?php
function titleCase($string, $delimiters = array(" ", "-", "O'"), $exceptions = array("to", "a", "the", "of", "by", "and", "with", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX", "X")) {
/*
* Exceptions in lower case are words you don't want converted
* Exceptions all in upper case are any words you don't want converted to title case
* but should be converted to upper case, e.g.:
* king henry viii or king henry Viii should be King Henry VIII
*/
foreach ($delimiters as $delimiter){
$words = explode($delimiter, $string);
$newwords = array();
foreach ($words as $word){
if (in_array(strtoupper($word), $exceptions)){
// check exceptions list for any words that should be in upper case
$word = strtoupper($word);
} elseif (!in_array($word, $exceptions)){
// convert to uppercase
$word = ucfirst($word);
}
array_push($newwords, $word);
}
$string = join($delimiter, $newwords);
}
return $string;
}
?>
as the previouly posted version of this function doesn't handle UTF-8 characters, I simply tried to replace ucfirst to mb_convert_case, but then any previous case foldings were lost while looping through delimiters.
So I decided to do an mb_convert_case on the input string (it also deals with words is uppercase wich may also be problematic when doing case-sensitive search), and do the rest of checking after that.
As with mb_convert_case, words are capitalized, I also added lowercase convertion for the exceptions, but, for the above mentioned reason, I left ucfirst unchanged.
Now it works fine for utf-8 strings as well, except for string delimiters followed by an UTF-8 character ("Mcádám" is unchanged, while "mcdunno's" is converted to "McDunno's" and "ökrös-TÓTH éDUa" in also put in the correct form)
I use it for checking user input on names and addresses, so exceptions list contains some hungarian words too.
<?php
function titleCase($string, $delimiters = array(" ", "-", ".", "'", "O'", "Mc"), $exceptions = array("út", "u", "s", "és", "utca", "tér", "krt", "körút", "sétány", "I", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX", "X", "XI", "XII", "XIII", "XIV", "XV", "XVI", "XVII", "XVIII", "XIX", "XX", "XXI", "XXII", "XXIII", "XXIV", "XXV", "XXVI", "XXVII", "XXVIII", "XXIX", "XXX" )) {
/*
* Exceptions in lower case are words you don't want converted
* Exceptions all in upper case are any words you don't want converted to title case
* but should be converted to upper case, e.g.:
* king henry viii or king henry Viii should be King Henry VIII
*/
$string = mb_convert_case($string, MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8");
foreach ($delimiters as $dlnr => $delimiter){
$words = explode($delimiter, $string);
$newwords = array();
foreach ($words as $wordnr => $word){
if (in_array(mb_strtoupper($word, "UTF-8"), $exceptions)){
// check exceptions list for any words that should be in upper case
$word = mb_strtoupper($word, "UTF-8");
}
elseif (in_array(mb_strtolower($word, "UTF-8"), $exceptions)){
// check exceptions list for any words that should be in upper case
$word = mb_strtolower($word, "UTF-8");
}
elseif (!in_array($word, $exceptions) ){
// convert to uppercase (non-utf8 only)
$word = ucfirst($word);
}
array_push($newwords, $word);
}
$string = join($delimiter, $newwords);
}//foreach
return $string;
}
?>
MB_CASE_TITLE doesn't change letters in quotation marks.
Example:
mb_convert_case('AAA "aaa"', MB_CASE_TITLE);
// Result: Aaa "aaa"
for turkish language I => i and i => I conversion is a problem. It must be I => ı and i => İ so my simple solution is
public function title_case_turkish($str){
$str = str_replace("i", "İ", $str);
$str = str_replace("I", "ı", $str);
$str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_TITLE,"UTF-8");
return $str;
}
for turkish simple:
$str = mb_convert_case(str_replace(['i','I'], ['İ','ı'], $str), MB_CASE_TITLE,"UTF-8");
You can use this function to fix problems related to Turkish "ı", "I", "i", "İ" characters. This function also replaces the weird "i̇" character with regular "i" character ("i̇ => i").
function mb_convert_case_tr($str, $type, $encoding = "UTF-8")
{
switch ($type) {
case "u":
case "upper":
case MB_CASE_UPPER:
$type = MB_CASE_UPPER;
break;
case "l":
case "lower":
case MB_CASE_LOWER:
$type = MB_CASE_LOWER;
break;
case "t":
case "title":
case MB_CASE_TITLE:
$type = MB_CASE_TITLE;
break;
}
$str = str_replace("i", "İ", $str);
$str = str_replace("I", "ı", $str);
$str = mb_convert_case($str, $type, $encoding);
$str = str_replace("i̇", "i", $str);
return $str;
}
$str = "Τάχιστη αλώπηξ βαφής ψημένη γη, δρασκελίζει υπέρ νωθρού κυνός";
$str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
this convertation does not give the example that you already post
but this one
$str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
"ΤΆΧΙΣΤΗ ΑΛΏΠΗΞ ΒΑΦΉΣ ΨΗΜΈΝΗ ΓΗ, ΔΡΑΣΚΕΛΊΖΕΙ ΥΠΈΡ ΝΩΘΡΟΎ ΚΥΝΌΣ"
As with other string functions, there is a problem with Turkish "i" with this function. There is a bug report from 2015 about the issue but PHP team says "language-specific conditional special case mappings is not implemented", although actually it breaks the logic of the function and renders it non-usable for the purpose.
https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=70072
The problem arises from the letter "i" in Latin being a COMPLETELY different letter from "i" in Turkish. Turkish "ı" becomes "I" for capital; while Latin "I" capital is actually capital for "i" and not "ı".
PHP takes this into consideration in some cases and ignores it in other cases; which causes an unpredictable behavior. When the letters in question is in the middle or at the beginning of a word, when some of multibyte chars are next to standard Latin chars or another multibyte character etc. These all behave differently, which is simply wrong.
There are some user notes trying to cover this but not very efficiently. Because some of them doesn't cover word boundaries and some produce non-standard characters. Here is what I tested and have been using for quite a time:
<?php
function mb_convert_case_i(string $string, int $mode = MB_CASE_TITLE, string $encoding = 'UTF-8'): string {
// Turkish "i" is a special case
$string = match($mode) {
MB_CASE_UPPER, MB_CASE_UPPER_SIMPLE => str_replace(['i', 'ı'], ['İ', 'I'], $string),
MB_CASE_LOWER, MB_CASE_LOWER_SIMPLE => str_replace(['İ', 'I'], ['i', 'ı'], $string),
// PHP behaves differently when i and ı are at the beginning of the word
MB_CASE_TITLE, MB_CASE_TITLE_SIMPLE => preg_replace(['/İ/u', '/I/u', '/\b(i)/u'], ['i', 'ı', 'İ'], $string),
default => $string,
};
return mb_convert_case($string, $mode, $encoding);
}
?>
As you have noticed, it uses match syntax which requires PHP 8. For lower versions, you can replace it with switch properly. I haven't tested it for case folding. If you need it, just add another condition to the match.