strtoupper
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
strtoupper — Преобразует строку в верхний регистр
Описание
string strtoupper
( string $string
)
Возвращает строку string, в которой все буквенные символы переведены в верхний регистр.
Принадлежность того или иного символа к буквенным определяется с учетом текущей локали. Это означает, что, например, в используемой по умолчанию локали "C", символ ä не будет преобразован.
Список параметров
- string
-
Входная строка.
Возвращаемые значения
Возвращает строку в верхнем регистре.
Примеры
Пример #1 Пример использования strtoupper()
<?php
$str = "Mary Had A Little Lamb and She LOVED It So";
$str = strtoupper($str);
echo $str; // выводит: MARY HAD A LITTLE LAMB AND SHE LOVED IT SO
?>
Примечания
Замечание: Эта функция безопасна для обработки данных в двоичной форме.
Смотрите также
- strtolower() - Преобразует строку в нижний регистр
- ucfirst() - Преобразует первый символ строки в верхний регистр
- ucwords() - Преобразует в верхний регистр первый символ каждого слова в строке
- mb_strtoupper() - Make a string uppercase
- addcslashes
- addslashes
- bin2hex
- chop
- chr
- chunk_split
- convert_cyr_string
- convert_uudecode
- convert_uuencode
- count_chars
- crc32
- crypt
- echo
- explode
- fprintf
- get_html_translation_table
- hebrev
- hebrevc
- hex2bin
- html_entity_decode
- htmlentities
- htmlspecialchars_decode
- htmlspecialchars
- implode
- join
- lcfirst
- levenshtein
- localeconv
- ltrim
- md5_file
- md5
- metaphone
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- nl_langinfo
- nl2br
- number_format
- ord
- parse_str
- printf
- quoted_printable_decode
- quoted_printable_encode
- quotemeta
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- strtoupper
- strtr
- substr_compare
- substr_count
- substr_replace
- substr
- trim
- ucfirst
- ucwords
- vfprintf
- vprintf
- vsprintf
- wordwrap
Коментарии
on linux
php gets LC_LOCAL env variable therefor you must set this
export LC_ALL=bg_BG.CP1251
export LANG=bg_BG.CP1251
before starting of apache i have put this to lines in /etc/rc.d/rc.httpd
-----
cat /etc/rc.d/rc.httpd
#!/bin/sh
#
# Start the Apache web server
#
export LC_ALL=bg_BG.CP1251
export LANG=bg_BG.CP1251
case "$1" in
'start')
/usr/sbin/apachectl startssl ;;
'stop')
/usr/sbin/apachectl stop ;;
'restart')
/usr/sbin/apachectl restart ;;
*)
echo "usage $0 start|stop|restart" ;;
esac
-------
in windows you must define your "locale"
in control panel > regional options > general
best regards urudz :>
something I myself first not thought about:if there are any html entities (named entities) in your string, strtoupper will turn all letters within this entities to upper case, too. So if you want to manipulate a string with strtoupper it should contain only unicode entities (if ever).
This may save you time and effort (if you need to convert european languages such as Czech, Portugees, German or Swedish)
the function mb_strtoupper() converts all accented characters in the latin alphabet, ie. , , , etc. This is easier than some of the suggestions below. It should also convert case properly for russian, etc.
Some bench :
String Copy, OUT=IN : 21.398067474365 ms
String TRANSFORMATION :
- strtolower : 383.09001922607 ms
- strtolower( strtr) : 267.36092567444 ms
- preg_replace : 16624.928951263 ms
- stringUpDown : 4013.0908489227 ms
IN : jehrjzh r''_- &(r&) EAZREZREZ^m
OUT : jehrjzh r''_- &(r&) eazrezrez^m
Platform : AMD 1 Ghz, Win2K, EasyPHP
If you only need to extend the conversion by the characters of a certain language, it's possible to control this using an environment variable to change the locale:
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "de_DE");
Ah, the last code were spoiled, here is the fixed one:
<?php
function str_to_upper($str){
return strtr($str,
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
"\x9C\x9A\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3".
"\xE4\xE5\xE6\xE7\xE8\xE9".
"\xEA\xEB\xEC\xED\xEE\xEF".
"\xF0\xF1\xF2\xF3\xF4\xF5".
"\xF6\xF8\xF9\xFA\xFB\xFC".
"\xFD\xFE\xFF",
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
"\x8C\x8A\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4".
"\xC5\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xCA\xCB".
"\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF\xD0\xD1\xD2".
"\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6\xD8\xD9\xDA".
"\xDB\xDC\xDD\xDE\x9F");
}
?>
So, this function changes also other letters into uppercase, strtoupper() does only change: a-z to: A-Z.
chinese
function to_upper($string) {
$new_string = "";
$i = 0;
while($i < strlen($string)) {
if (ord(substr($string,$i,1)) <128)
{
$new_string .= strtoupper(substr($string,$i,1));
$i++;
} else {
$new_string .= substr($string,$i,2);
$i=$i+2;
}
}
return $new_string;
}
The following is my code for translate a given string to upper case and it will support chinese traditional :
// 2005/5/30 Justin
// Chinese_Traditional toupper
function CT_to_upper($string)
{
$isChineseStart = false;
$new_string = "";
$i = 0;
while($i < strlen($string))
{
if (ord(substr($string,$i,1)) <128)
{
if( $isChineseStart == false )
$new_string .= strtoupper(mb_substr($string,$i,1));
else
$new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
}
else
{
if( $isChineseStart == false )
$isChineseStart = true;
else
$isChineseStart = false;
$new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
}
$i++;
}
return $new_string;
}
//
// 2005/5/30 Justin
// Chinese_Traditional toupper
function CT_to_upper($string)
{
$isChineseStart = false;
$new_string = "";
$i = 0;
while($i < strlen($string))
{
if (ord(substr($string,$i,1)) <128)
{
if( $isChineseStart == false )
$new_string .= strtoupper(mb_substr($string,$i,1));
else
$new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
}
else
{
if( $isChineseStart == false )
$isChineseStart = true;
else
$isChineseStart = false;
$new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
}
$i++;
}
return $new_string;
}
//
For polish programmers:
function str2upper($text){
return strtr($text,
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
"\xB1\xE6\xEA\xA3\xF1\xF3\xB6\xBC\xBF". // ISO 8859-2
"\xB9\x9C\x9F", // win 1250
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
"\xA1\xC6\xCA\xB3\xD1\xD3\xA6\xAC\xAF". // ISO 8859-2
"\xA5\x8C\x8F" // win 1250
);
The code for Polish programmers was spolied a little bit - \xB3 should be turned into \xA3, not the opposite. So the correct code is:
function str2upper($text){
return strtr($text,
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
"\xB1\xE6\xEA\xA3\xF1\xF3\xB6\xBC\xBF". // ISO 8859-2
"\xB9\x9C\x9F", // win 1250
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
"\xA1\xC6\xCA\xB3\xD1\xD3\xA6\xAC\xAF". // ISO 8859-2
"\xA5\x8C\x8F" // win 1250
);
}
Here is correct str2upper function for polish programmers (plus str2lower function):
<?php
function str2upper($text){
return strtr($text,
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
"\xB1\xE6\xEA\xB3\xF1\xF3\xB6\xBC\xBF". // ISO 8859-2
"\xB9\x9C\x9F", // win 1250
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
"\xA1\xC6\xCA\xA3\xD1\xD3\xA6\xAC\xAF". // ISO 8859-2
"\xA5\x8C\x8F" // win 1250
);
}
function str2lower($text){
return strtr($text,
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
"\xA1\xC6\xCA\xA3\xD1\xD3\xA6\xAC\xAF". // ISO 8859-2
"\xA5\x8C\x8F", // win 1250
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
"\xB1\xE6\xEA\xB3\xF1\xF3\xB6\xBC\xBF". // ISO 8859-2
"\xB9\x9C\x9F" // win 1250
);
}
?>
The following function counts uppercase letters in English and Cyrillic. It works great with cyrillic when strtolower doesn't work due to enviroment settings.(Thank you Sean!).
preg_match_all("@[A-Z-]@",$str,$m,PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE)
It is probably displayed incorrectly due to page encoding, but there are range from the first uppercase letter of the latin alphabet to the last one and range from the first uppercase cyrillic alphabet letter to the last one in the pattern. Not sure but similar approach can work for other alphabets.
These functions can be used on Turkish(iso-8859-9):
Turkce(iso-8859-9) icin su fonksiyonlar kullanilabilir:
$tr_low_letters = str_split("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
$tr_up_letters = str_split("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ");
function tr_uppercase($str) {
global $tr_low_letters, $tr_up_letters;
return str_replace($tr_low_letters, $tr_up_letters, $str);
}
function tr_lowercase($str) {
global $tr_low_letters, $tr_up_letters;
return str_replace($tr_up_letters, $tr_low_letters, $str);
}
function tr_fuppercase($str) {//only first letter uppercase
return tr_uppercase($str[0]) . tr_lowercase(substr($str,1));
}
An even simpler version of h3's rewrite:
<?php
function isupper($i) { return (strtoupper($i) === $i);}
function islower($i) { return (strtolower($i) === $i);}
?>
When using UTF-8 and need to convert to uppercase with
special characters like the german ä,ö,ü (didn't test for french,polish,russian but think it should work, too) try this:
function strtoupper_utf8($string){
$string=utf8_decode($string);
$string=strtoupper($string);
$string=utf8_encode($string);
return $string;
}
Angus Lord's function has got a problem with html entities such as &, for they're converted into &Amp;, which is incorrect.
The following code fixes the problem:
<?php
function to_upper($string)
{
$new_string = "";
while (eregi("^([^&]*)(&)(.)([a-z0-9]{2,9};|&)(.*)", $string, $regs))
{
$entity = $regs[2].strtoupper($regs[3]).$regs[4];
if (html_entity_decode($entity) == $entity)
$new_string .= strtoupper($regs[1]).$regs[2].$regs[3].$regs[4];
else
$new_string .= strtoupper($regs[1]).$entity;
$string = $regs[5];
}
$new_string .= strtoupper($string);
return $new_string;
}
?>
This function converts any series of english words to Proper Casing. It also accounts for words such as 'a' and 'the'. To change what words are ignored, just change the $noUp array.
function strProper($str) {
$noUp = array('a','an','of','the','are','at','in');
$str = trim($str);
$str = strtoupper($str[0]) . strtolower(substr($str, 1));
for($i=1; $i<strlen($str)-1; ++$i) {
if($str[$i]==' ') {
for($j=$i+1; $j<strlen($str) && $str[$j]!=' '; ++$j); //find next space
$size = $j-$i-1;
$shortWord = false;
if($size<=3) {
$theWord = substr($str,$i+1,$size);
for($j=0; $j<count($noUp) && !$shortWord; ++$j)
if($theWord==$noUp[$j])
$shortWord = true;
}
if( !$shortWord )
$str = substr($str, 0, $i+1) . strtoupper($str[$i+1]) . substr($str, $i+2);
}
$i+=$size;
}
return $str;
}
Russian
function str_to_upper($str){
return strtr($str,
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
"\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3\xE4\xE5".
"\xb8\xe6\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea".
"\xeb\xeC\xeD\xeE\xeF\xf0".
"\xf1\xf2\xf3\xf4\xf5\xf6".
"\xf7\xf8\xf9\xfA\xfB\xfC".
"\xfD\xfE\xfF",
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
"\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4\xC5".
"\xA8\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xCA".
"\xCB\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF\xD0".
"\xD1\xD2\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6".
"\xD7\xD8\xD9\xDA\xDB\xDC".
"\xDD\xDE\xDF");
}
<?php$string='this is a simpler way to capitalise the first character of a string';
$string[0]=strtoupper($string[0]);
echo $string; // This is a simpler way...
?>
In response to strtoupper:
There is a simpler way to change the first letter of a string to uppercase:
<?php
$string='this is a much more simpler way to capitalise the first character of a string';
echo ucfirst($string); // This is a much more...
?>
Portuguese version of String Capitalize in PHP.
function strProper($str)
{
$noUp = array('um','uma','o','a','de','do','da','em');
$str = trim($str);
$str = strtoupper($str[0]) . strtolower(substr($str, 1));
for($i=1; $i<strlen($str)-1; ++$i) {
if($str[$i]==' ') {
for($j=$i+1; $j<strlen($str) && $str[$j]!=' '; ++$j); //find next space
$size = $j-$i-1;
$shortWord = false;
if($size<=3) {
$theWord = substr($str,$i+1,$size);
for($j=0; $j<count($noUp) && !$shortWord; ++$j)
if($theWord==$noUp[$j])
$shortWord = true;
}
if( !$shortWord )
$str = substr($str, 0, $i+1) . strtoupper($str[$i+1]) . substr($str, $i+2);
}
$i+=$size;
}
return $str;
}
accents convertion trick :
<?php
function ucfirstHTMLentity($matches){
return "&".ucfirst(strtolower($matches[1])).";";
}
function fullUpper($str){
$subject = strtoupper(htmlentities($str, null, 'UTF-8'));
$pattern = '/&([A-Z]+);/';
return preg_replace_callback($pattern, "ucfirstHTMLentity", $subject);
}
print fullUpper($_REQUEST["txt"]);
?>
ISO-8859-1 (Latin 1) full with all special characters:
<?php
function fullUpper($str){
// convert to entities
$subject = htmlentities($str,ENT_QUOTES);
$pattern = '/&([a-z])(uml|acute|circ';
$pattern.= '|tilde|ring|elig|grave|slash|horn|cedil|th);/e';
$replace = "'&'.strtoupper('\\1').'\\2'.';'";
$result = preg_replace($pattern, $replace, $subject);
// convert from entities back to characters
$htmltable = get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES);
foreach($htmltable as $key => $value) {
$result = ereg_replace(addslashes($value),$key,$result);
}
return(strtoupper($result));
}
echo fullUpper("try this: äöüß");
?>
results in
TRY THIS: ÄÖÜß
This function takes a space-delimited list of words and returns it as one camelcase word.
<?php
function strtocamel($str){
$str = explode(' ', strtolower($str));
for($i = 1; $i < count($str); $i++){
$str[$i] = strtoupper(substr($str[$i], 0, 1)) . substr($str[$i], 1);
}
return implode('', $str);
}
?>
Example:
<?php
echo strtocamel('Str tO CAMEL');
?>
This will output 'strToCamel'. To also make the first letter uppercase, change '$i = 1' to '$i = 0'.
It has been mentioned in a previous comment that all you need to do to let PHP's strtoupper() do the conversion - instead of writing more or less complicated functions yourself - is to specify the locale in which you're doing the case conversion:
<?php setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "de_AT") ?>
It is important to note that setlocale() will silently fail if it can't find the specified locale on your system, so *always* check its return value. Try different spellings: using "de_AT" as an example, there are various combinations that may or may not work for you: "de", "de_AT.utf8", "de_AT.iso-8859-1", "de_AT.latin1", "de_AT@euro", etc).
If you can't find an appropriate locale setting, check your system configuration (locales are a system-wide setting, PHP gets them from the OS). On Windows, locales can be set from the Control Panel; on Linux it depends on your distribution. You can try "sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales" on Debian-based distros, or configure them manually. On Ubuntu Dapper, I had to copy entries over from /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED to /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local, then do the dpkg-reconfigure.
After you're done, restart the web server.
That said, there are special cases where you want to do the conversion manually. In German, for example, the letter 'ß' (szlig) only exists as a lower-case character, and so doesn't get converted by strtoupper. The convential way to express a 'ß' in an uppercase string is "SS". This function will take care of this exception (for Latin1 and most of Latin9, at least):
<?php
define("LATIN1_UC_CHARS", "ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖØÙÚÛÜÝ");
define("LATIN1_LC_CHARS", "àáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõöøùúûüý");
function uc_latin1 ($str) {
$str = strtoupper(strtr($str, LATIN1_LC_CHARS, LATIN1_UC_CHARS));
return strtr($str, array("ß" => "SS"));
}
?>
Simple function to change the case of your string and any accented html characters contained within it.
Inspired by fullUpper(), by silent at gmx dot li... just a little bit more atomic.
<?php
function convertCase($str, $case = 'upper')
{ //yours, courtesy of table4.com :)
switch($case)
{
case "upper" :
default:
$str = strtoupper($str);
$pattern = '/&([A-Z])(UML|ACUTE|CIRC|TILDE|RING|';
$pattern .= 'ELIG|GRAVE|SLASH|HORN|CEDIL|TH);/e';
$replace = "'&'.'\\1'.strtolower('\\2').';'"; //convert the important bit back to lower
break;
case "lower" :
$str = strtolower($str);
break;
}
$str = preg_replace($pattern, $replace, $str);
return $str;
}
?>
Depending on what you are trying to achieve you would call like this:
<?php
//with entities...
$str = convertCase(htmlentities($str, ENT_QUOTES, "ISO-8859-1"));
?>
convert polish special letters into big and small chars;p
<?php
function toUpper($string) {
return (strtoupper(strtr($string, 'ęóąśłżźćń','ĘÓĄŚŁŻŹĆŃ' )));
};
function toLower($string) {
return (strtolower(strtr($string,'ĘÓĄŚŁŻŹĆŃ', 'ęóąśłżźćń' )));
};
?>
I liked jesdisciple's approach to a camel case function, but needed something a little more high powered, so here is my stab at this need:
<?php
/**
* Convert a string to camel case, optionally capitalizing the first char and optionally setting which characters are
* acceptable.
*
* First, take existing camel case and add a space between each word so that it is in Title Form; note that
* consecutive capitals (acronyms) are considered a single word.
* Second, capture all contigious words, capitalize the first letter and then convert the rest into lower case.
* Third, strip out all the non-desirable characters (i.e, non numerics).
*
* EXAMPLES:
* $str = 'Please_RSVP: b4 you-all arrive!';
*
* To convert a string to camel case:
* strtocamel($str); // gives: PleaseRsvpB4YouAllArrive
*
* To convert a string to an acronym:
* strtocamel($str, true, 'A-Z'); // gives: PRBYAA
*
* To convert a string to first-lower camel case without numerics but with underscores:
* strtocamel($str, false, 'A-Za-z_'); // gives: please_RsvpBYouAllArrive
*
* @param string $str text to convert to camel case.
* @param bool $capitalizeFirst optional. whether to capitalize the first chare (e.g. "camelCase" vs. "CamelCase").
* @param string $allowed optional. regex of the chars to allow in the final string
*
* @return string camel cased result
*
* @author Sean P. O. MacCath-Moran www.emanaton.com
*/
function strtocamel($str, $capitalizeFirst = true, $allowed = 'A-Za-z0-9') {
return preg_replace(
array(
'/([A-Z][a-z])/e', // all occurances of caps followed by lowers
'/([a-zA-Z])([a-zA-Z]*)/e', // all occurances of words w/ first char captured separately
'/[^'.$allowed.']+/e', // all non allowed chars (non alpha numerics, by default)
'/^([a-zA-Z])/e' // first alpha char
),
array(
'" ".$1', // add spaces
'strtoupper("$1").strtolower("$2")', // capitalize first, lower the rest
'', // delete undesired chars
'strto'.($capitalizeFirst ? 'upper' : 'lower').'("$1")' // force first char to upper or lower
),
$str
);
}
perfect solutions for turkish utf-8 (including i I conversations):
<?php
function strtolowertr($metin){
return mb_convert_case(str_replace('I','ı',$metin), MB_CASE_LOWER, "UTF-8");
}
function strtouppertr($metin){
return mb_convert_case(str_replace('i','İ',$metin), MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
}
function ucwordstr($metin) {
return ltrim(mb_convert_case(str_replace(array(' I',' ı', ' İ', ' i'),array(' I',' I',' İ',' İ'),' '.$metin), MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8"));
}
function ucfirsttr($metin) {
$metin = in_array(crc32($metin[0]),array(1309403428, -797999993, 957143474)) ? array(strtouppertr(substr($metin,0,2)),substr($metin,2)) : array(strtouppertr($metin[0]),substr($metin,1));
return $metin[0].$metin[1];
}
?>
For beginners: here is the most simple Camelize function for PHP. It converts underscore or dash separated strings to camelCase, optionally with a Parameter to convert them to PascalCase (often needed for Class names).
<?php
function camelize($string, $pascalCase = false)
{
$string = str_replace(array('-', '_'), ' ', $string);
$string = ucwords($string);
$string = str_replace(' ', '', $string);
if (!$pascalCase) {
return lcfirst($string);
}
return $string;
}
?>
This would be my short version for French characters:
<?php
function fullUpper($string){
return strtr(strtoupper($string), array(
"à" => "À",
"è" => "È",
"ì" => "Ì",
"ò" => "Ò",
"ù" => "Ù",
"á" => "Á",
"é" => "É",
"í" => "Í",
"ó" => "Ó",
"ú" => "Ú",
"â" => "Â",
"ê" => "Ê",
"î" => "Î",
"ô" => "Ô",
"û" => "Û",
"ç" => "Ç",
));
}
?>
NOTE: To uppercase a unicode string you simply could use mb_strtoupper($str, 'UTF-8') instead of all that bloated PHP functions ;=)In the Irish language certain initial mutations can never be capitalized — the following simple function can be used to capitalize text in Irish.
i.e. Muintir na hÉireann -> MUINTIR NA hÉIREANN
<?php
function strtoupper_ga($a) {
return strtr(mb_strtoupper($a, "utf-8"), array(
" MB" => " mB",
" GC" => " gC",
" ND" => " nD",
" BHF" => " bhF",
" NG" => " nG",
" BP" => " bP",
" DT" => " dT",
" HA" => " hA",
" HE" => " hE",
" HI" => " hI",
" HO" => " hO",
" HU" => " hU",
" HÁ" => " hÁ",
" HÉ" => " hÉ",
" HÍ" => " hÍ",
" HÓ" => " hÓ",
" HÚ" => " hÚ"
));
}
?>
Simple function for uppercase encoding of croatian text! :)
<?php
function strtoupper_hr($a) {
return strtr(mb_strtoupper($a, "utf-8"), array(
" š" => " Š",
" đ" => " Đ",
" ž" => " Ž",
" č" => " Č",
" ć" => " Ć"
));
}
?>