fnmatch

(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5)

fnmatchMatch filename against a pattern

Description

bool fnmatch ( string $pattern , string $string [, int $flags = 0 ] )

fnmatch() checks if the passed string would match the given shell wildcard pattern.

Parameters

pattern

The shell wildcard pattern.

string

The tested string. This function is especially useful for filenames, but may also be used on regular strings.

The average user may be used to shell patterns or at least in their simplest form to '?' and '*' wildcards so using fnmatch() instead of preg_match() for frontend search expression input may be way more convenient for non-programming users.

flags

The value of flags can be any combination of the following flags, joined with the binary OR (|) operator.

A list of possible flags for fnmatch()
Flag Description
FNM_NOESCAPE Disable backslash escaping.
FNM_PATHNAME Slash in string only matches slash in the given pattern.
FNM_PERIOD Leading period in string must be exactly matched by period in the given pattern.
FNM_CASEFOLD Caseless match. Part of the GNU extension.

Return Values

Returns TRUE if there is a match, FALSE otherwise.

Changelog

Version Description
5.3.0 This function is now available on Windows platforms.

Examples

Example #1 Checking a color name against a shell wildcard pattern

<?php
if (fnmatch("*gr[ae]y"$color)) {
  echo 
"some form of gray ...";
}
?>

Notes

Warning

For now, this function is not available on non-POSIX compliant systems except Windows.

See Also

  • glob() - Find pathnames matching a pattern
  • preg_match() - Perform a regular expression match
  • sscanf() - Parses input from a string according to a format
  • printf() - Output a formatted string
  • sprintf() - Return a formatted string

Коментарии

you couls also try this function that I wrote before I found fnmatch:

function WildToReg($str)
{
  $s = "";   
  for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($str); $i++)
  {
   $c = $str{$i};
   if ($c =='?')
    $s .= '.'; // any character
   else if ($c == '*')   
    $s .= '.*'; // 0 or more any characters   
   else if ($c == '[' || $c == ']')
    $s .= $c;  // one of characters within []
   else
    $s .= '\\' . $c;
  }
  $s = '^' . $s . '$';

  //trim redundant ^ or $
  //eg ^.*\.txt$ matches exactly the same as \.txt$
  if (substr($s,0,3) == "^.*")
   $s = substr($s,3);
  if (substr($s,-3,3) == ".*$")
   $s = substr($s,0,-3);
  return $s;
}

if (ereg(WildToReg("*.txt"), $fn))
  print "$fn is a text file";
else
  print "$fn is not a text file";
2003-08-06 06:59:18
http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.fnmatch.html
soywiz's function didnt seem to work for me, but this did.

<?php
if(!function_exists('fnmatch')) {

    function 
fnmatch($pattern$string) {
        return 
preg_match("#^".strtr(preg_quote($pattern'#'), array('\*' => '.*''\?' => '.'))."$#i"$string);
    } 
// end

// end if
?>
2006-12-13 07:39:08
http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.fnmatch.html
Автор:
soywiz's function still doesn't seem to work -- at least not with PHP 5.2.3 on Windows -- but jk's does.
2007-06-12 13:30:38
http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.fnmatch.html
About the windows compat functions below:
I needed fnmatch for a application that had to work on Windows, took a look here and tested both. Jk's works for me, soywiz didn't (on WinXPSP2, PHP 5.2.3).
The only difference between them is addcslashes (soywiz) instead of preg_quote (jk). They _should_ both work, but for some reason soywiz's didn't for me. So YMMV.
However, to make JK's fnmatch() work with the example in the documentation, you also have to strtr the [ and ] in $pattern.
<?php
$pattern 
strtr(preg_quote($pattern'#'), array('\*' => '.*''\?' => '.''\[' => '[''\]' => ']'));
?>
And thanks for the functions, guys.
2007-11-29 12:31:32
http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.fnmatch.html
Автор:
An addition to my previous note: My statement regarding the FNM_* constants was wrong. They are available on POSIX-compliant systems (in other words, if fnmatch() is defined).
2008-03-19 15:04:13
http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.fnmatch.html
Here's a definitive solution, which supports negative character classes and the four documented flags.

<?php
   
   
if (!function_exists('fnmatch')) {
       
define('FNM_PATHNAME'1);
       
define('FNM_NOESCAPE'2);
       
define('FNM_PERIOD'4);
       
define('FNM_CASEFOLD'16);
       
        function 
fnmatch($pattern$string$flags 0) {
            return 
pcre_fnmatch($pattern$string$flags);
        }
    }
   
    function 
pcre_fnmatch($pattern$string$flags 0) {
       
$modifiers null;
       
$transforms = array(
           
'\*'    => '.*',
           
'\?'    => '.',
           
'\[\!'    => '[^',
           
'\['    => '[',
           
'\]'    => ']',
           
'\.'    => '\.',
           
'\\'    => '\\\\'
       
);
       
       
// Forward slash in string must be in pattern:
       
if ($flags FNM_PATHNAME) {
           
$transforms['\*'] = '[^/]*';
        }
       
       
// Back slash should not be escaped:
       
if ($flags FNM_NOESCAPE) {
            unset(
$transforms['\\']);
        }
       
       
// Perform case insensitive match:
       
if ($flags FNM_CASEFOLD) {
           
$modifiers .= 'i';
        }
       
       
// Period at start must be the same as pattern:
       
if ($flags FNM_PERIOD) {
            if (
strpos($string'.') === && strpos($pattern'.') !== 0) return false;
        }
       
       
$pattern '#^'
           
strtr(preg_quote($pattern'#'), $transforms)
            . 
'$#'
           
$modifiers;
       
        return (boolean)
preg_match($pattern$string);
    }
   
?>

This probably needs further testing, but it seems to function identically to the native fnmatch implementation.
2010-10-01 01:58:43
http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.fnmatch.html
There is a problem within the  pcre_fnmatch-Function concerning backslashes. Those will be masked by preq_quote and ADDITONALLY by the strtr if FN_NOESCAPE is not set -> something like "*a(*" will finally result in "#^.*a\\(.*$#". Note the double backslash which effectively does NOT mask the "(" correctly.
 
Since preq_quote always matches a backslash I don't think that this'll work with using preg_quote at all.
2012-07-13 14:21:47
http://php5.kiev.ua/manual/ru/function.fnmatch.html

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