pg_fetch_array
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
pg_fetch_array — Fetch a row as an array
Description
$result
[, int $row
[, int $result_type = PGSQL_BOTH
]] )pg_fetch_array() returns an array that corresponds to the fetched row (record).
pg_fetch_array() is an extended version of pg_fetch_row(). In addition to storing the data in the numeric indices (field number) to the result array, it can also store the data using associative indices (field name). It stores both indicies by default.
Note: This function sets NULL fields to the PHP
NULLvalue.
pg_fetch_array() is NOT significantly slower than using pg_fetch_row(), and is significantly easier to use.
Parameters
-
result -
PostgreSQL query result resource, returned by pg_query(), pg_query_params() or pg_execute() (among others).
-
row -
Row number in result to fetch. Rows are numbered from 0 upwards. If omitted or
NULL, the next row is fetched. -
result_type -
An optional parameter that controls how the returned array is indexed.
result_typeis a constant and can take the following values:PGSQL_ASSOC,PGSQL_NUMandPGSQL_BOTH. UsingPGSQL_NUM, pg_fetch_array() will return an array with numerical indices, usingPGSQL_ASSOCit will return only associative indices whilePGSQL_BOTH, the default, will return both numerical and associative indices.
Return Values
An array indexed numerically (beginning with 0) or
associatively (indexed by field name), or both.
Each value in the array is represented as a
string. Database NULL
values are returned as NULL.
FALSE is returned if row exceeds the number
of rows in the set, there are no more rows, or on any other error.
Changelog
| Version | Description |
|---|---|
| 4.1.0 |
The row parameter became optional.
|
Examples
Example #1 pg_fetch_array() example
<?php
$conn = pg_pconnect("dbname=publisher");
if (!$conn) {
echo "An error occurred.\n";
exit;
}
$result = pg_query($conn, "SELECT author, email FROM authors");
if (!$result) {
echo "An error occurred.\n";
exit;
}
$arr = pg_fetch_array($result, 0, PGSQL_NUM);
echo $arr[0] . " <- Row 1 Author\n";
echo $arr[1] . " <- Row 1 E-mail\n";
// As of PHP 4.1.0, the row parameter is optional; NULL can be passed instead,
// to pass a result_type. Successive calls to pg_fetch_array will return the
// next row.
$arr = pg_fetch_array($result, NULL, PGSQL_ASSOC);
echo $arr["author"] . " <- Row 2 Author\n";
echo $arr["email"] . " <- Row 2 E-mail\n";
$arr = pg_fetch_array($result);
echo $arr["author"] . " <- Row 3 Author\n";
echo $arr[1] . " <- Row 3 E-mail\n";
?>
See Also
- pg_fetch_row() - Get a row as an enumerated array
- pg_fetch_object() - Fetch a row as an object
- pg_fetch_result() - Returns values from a result resource
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Коментарии
PGSQL_BOTH is the default, meaning your array size will be doubled.If you specify this field (result type), include no quotes around it or you won't get any data, not even an error.
Here's my wrapper function:
function SQL_fetch_array($result_ndx, $row, $result_type=PGSQL_ASSOC) {
return pg_fetch_array($result_ndx, $row, $result_type);
In addition to returning "false if there are no more rows", pg_fetch_array will also trigger an E_WARNING. You can temporarily turn that error reporting level off and suck out all your data like so:
<?php
$errRptLvl = error_reporting();
error_reporting($errRptLvl & ~(E_WARNING));
list($i,$j)=array(0,0);
while ($selection[$i++] = $this->fetchArray($j++)); // (fetchArray is a pg_fetch_array wrapper.)
error_reporting($errRptLvl); // Restore error reporting level.
unset($selection[$i-1]); // Delete the last, empty row.
return $selection;
?>
The column names if you use PGSQL_ASSOC or PGSQL_BOTH are always in lowercase, no matter what the name is in the database or in the query.Just remember when you 'or die' to close your table(s) or you may get a confused look from non-internet explorer users.Please remember that if you have for example a table Customers with "cust_ID", "name" and "address" and another table Users with "u_ID","name" and "other" and then you SELECT WHERE cust_ID=u_ID then you'll get in the result array ONLY ONE "name" field, precisely the last one resulted from the select!!!As of PHP 4.1.0, you can now use code such as the following to iterate through a result set:
$conn = pg_connect("host=localhost dbname=whatever");
$result = pg_exec($conn, "select * from table");
while ($row = pg_fetch_array($result))
{
echo "data: ".$row["data"];
}
Can be a nice little time saver, PHP with MySQL has supported this for a while but I'm glad to see it extended to PostgreSQL...
(Timesaver) Be aware of the fact that keys in array returned by this function are (well, at least as of 4.2.3) of the same case as SQL column names (e.g. if your column name is ID then key name is also ID, not id or Id), and the keys in associative array are CASE SENSITIVE!!! So don't be surprised if you get unexpected results. Double check SQL column names and the key names.Just because it is not really clear how to specify the result type, I poste this message.
I wrote a wrapper function which looks like this:
<?php
function db_fetch_array ($result, $row = NULL, $result_type = PGSQL_ASSOC)
{
$return = @pg_fetch_array ($result, $row, $result_type);
return $return;
}
?>
I think this way it is quite comfortable to get the arrays you want.
In response to eth0's comment below about SELECT'ing from two tables where the tables have columns with the same names, you can get around this problem like this:
"SELECT table1.foo AS foo1, table2.foo AS foo2 FROM table1, table2"
In the associative array returned, the keys will be "foo1" and "foo2".
I found this out through help from the mailing lists. If you need to reset the internal counter, use the pg_result_seek, similar to:
pg_result_seek($result, 0)
...plagiarized from the comment on the function's doc page.
Hopefully most people realize this on their own, but the examples below where people tried to get creative with getting numerical or associative (not both) keys in the result are rather pointless. See the pg_fetch_assoc() and pg_fetch_row() for the built in functions that do this automatically. It's generally a better idea to use one of these other functions unless you *need* to access fields by both collumn name *and* index.Note that when using PGSQL_BOTH, numerically and associatively indexed fields are separate variables and treated as such:
<?php
$res = pg_query("Select 'foo' as bar");
$data = pg_fetch_array($res, 0, PGSQL_BOTH);
var_dump($data);
// Array(2)
// {
// [0] => string(3) "foo"
// ["bar"] => string(3) "foo"
// }
// This won't affect $data['bar']
$data[0] = 'bar';
var_dump($data);
// Array(2)
// {
// [0] => string(3) "bar"
// ["bar"] => string(3) "foo"
// }
?>
If you want to have reference binding between your numeric and associative indexes, you'll have to establish that yourself:
<?php
$result = pg_query("Select 'foo' as bar");
$data = pg_fetch_row($result);
// Establish references between column name/number
$from = $data;
foreach($from as $cx => $value)
{
$key = pg_field_name($result, $cx);
if (is_string($key)) $data[$key] =& $data[$cx];
}
var_dump($data);
// Array(2)
// {
// [0] => &string(3) "foo"
// ["bar"] => &string(3) "foo"
// }
// Note the reference binding between $data[0] and $data['bar']
$data[0] = 'baz';
var_dump($data);
// Array(2)
// {
// [0] => &string(3) "baz"
// ["bar"] => &string(3) "baz"
// }
?>