header
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
header — Отправка HTTP заголовка
Описание
$string
[, bool $replace = true
[, int $http_response_code
]] )header() используется для отправки HTTP заголовка. В » спецификации HTTP/1.1 есть подробное описание HTTP заголовков.
Помните, что функцию header() можно вызывать только если клиенту еще не передавались данные. То есть она должна идти первой в выводе, перед ее вызовом не должно быть никаких HTML тэгов, пустых строк и т.п. Довольно часто возникает ошибка, когда при чтении кода файловыми функциями, вроде include или require, в этом коде попадаются пробелы или пустые строки, которые выводятся до вызова header(). Те же проблемы могут возникать и при использовании одиночного PHP/HTML файла.
<html>
<?php
/* Этот пример приведет к ошибке. Обратите внимание
* на тэг вверху, который будет выведен до вызова header() */
header('Location: http://www.example.com/');
?>
Список параметров
-
string -
Строка заголовка.
Существует два специальных заголовка. Один из них начинается с "HTTP/" (регистр не важен) и используется для отправки кода состояния HTTP. Например, если веб-сервер Apache сконфигурирован таким образом, чтобы запросы к несуществующим файлам обрабатывались средствами PHP скрипта (используя директиву ErrorDocument), вы наверняка захотите быть уверенными что скрипт генерирует правильный код состояния.
<?php
header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
?>Для FastCGI синтаксис 404 кода несколько иной:
<?php
header("Status: 404 Not Found");
?>Другим специальным видом заголовков является "Location:". В этом случае фукнция не только отправляет этот заголовок броузеру, но также возвращает ему код состояния REDIRECT (302) (если ранее не был установлен код 201 или 3xx).
<?php
header("Location: http://www.example.com/"); /* Перенаправление броузера */
/* Можно убедиться, что следующий за командой код не выполнится из-за
перенаправления.*/
exit;
?> -
replace -
Необязательный параметр
replaceопределяет, надо ли заменять предыдущий аналогичный заголовок или заголовок того же типа. По умолчанию заголовок будет заменен, но если передатьFALSE, можно задать несколько однотипных заголовков. Например:<?php
header('WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate');
header('WWW-Authenticate: NTLM', false);
?> -
http_response_code -
Принудительно задает код ответа HTTP. Следует учитывать, что это будет работать, только если строка
stringне является пустой.
Возвращаемые значения
Эта функция не возвращает значения после выполнения.
Список изменений
| Версия | Описание |
|---|---|
| 4.4.2 и 5.1.2 | Стало невозможно отправлять более одного заголовка за раз. Это сделано для защиты от атак, связанных с инъекцией заголовков. |
| 4.3.0 |
Добавлен параметр http_response_code.
|
| 4.0.4 |
Добавлен параметр replace.
|
Примеры
Пример #1 Диалог загрузки
Если нужно предупредить пользователя о необходимости сохранить пересылаемые данные, такие как сгенерированный PDF файл, можно воспользоваться заголовком » Content-Disposition, который подставляет рекомендуемое имя файла и заставляет броузер показать диалог загрузки.
<?php
// Будем передавать PDF
header('Content-type: application/pdf');
// Который будет называться downloaded.pdf
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="downloaded.pdf"');
// Исходный PDF файл original.pdf
readfile('original.pdf');
?>
Пример #2 Директивы для работы с кэшем
PHP скрипты часто генерируют динамический контент, который не должен кэшироваться клиентским броузером или какими-либо промежуточными обработчиками, вроде прокси серверов. Можно принудительно отключить кэширование на многих прокси серверах и броузерах, передав заголовки:
<?php
header("Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate"); // HTTP/1.1
header("Expires: Sat, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT"); // Дата в прошлом
?>
Замечание:
В некоторых случаях ваши страницы не будут кэшироваться броузером, даже если вы не передавали этих заголовков. В броузерах есть определенные настройки, с помощью которых пользователь может изменять обычный ход кэширования, отключать его. Вы должны перекрывать любые настройки, которые могут повлиять на кэширование скрипта, отправляя приведенные выше заголовки.
Дополнительно, для случаев когда используются сессии, можно задать настройки конфигурации session_cache_limiter() и session.cache_limiter. Эти настройки можно использовать для автоматической генерации заголовков управляющих кешированием.
Примечания
Замечание:
Доступ к заголовкам и их вывод будет осуществляться только в случае, если в используемом вами SAPI есть их поддержка.
Замечание:
Чтобы обойти эту проблему, можно буферизовать вывод скрипта. В этом случае все выводимые данные будут буферизоваться на сервере, пока не будет дана явная команда на пересылку данных. Управлять буферизацией можно вручную функциями ob_start() и ob_end_flush(), либо задав директиву output_buffering в конфигурационном файле php.ini, или же настроив соответствующим образом конфигурацию сервера.
Замечание:
Строка заголовка задающая состояние HTTP всегда будет отсылаться клиенту первой, вне зависимости от того был соответствующий вызов функции header() первым или нет. Это состояние можно перезаписать, вызывая header() с новой строкой состояния в любое время, когда можно отправлять HTTP заголовки.
Замечание:
В Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.01 есть баг, из-за которого это не работает. Обойти его никак нельзя. В Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5 также есть этот баг, но его уже можно устранить установкой Service Pack 2 или выше.
Замечание: Если включен безопасный режим, то uid скрипта будет добавляться к realm части WWW-Authenticate заголовка (используется для HTTP аутентификации).
Замечание:
Спецификация HTTP/1.1 требует указывать абсолютный URI в качестве аргумента » Location:, включающий схему, имя хоста и абсолютный путь, хотя некоторые клиенты способны принимать и относительные URI. Абсолютный URI можно построить самостоятельно с помощью $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'], $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] и dirname():
<?php
/* Перенаправление броузера на другую страницу в той же директории, что и
изначально запрошенная */
$host = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
$uri = rtrim(dirname($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']), '/\\');
$extra = 'mypage.php';
header("Location: http://$host$uri/$extra");
exit;
?>
Замечание:
ID сессии не будет передаваться вместе с заголовком Location, даже если включена настройка session.use_trans_sid. Его нужно передавать вручную, используя константу
SID.
Смотрите также
- headers_sent() - Проверяет были ли и куда отправлены заголовки
- setcookie() - Посылает cookie
- http_response_code() - Получает или устанавливает код ответа HTTP
- Раздел документации HTTP аутентификация
- checkdnsrr
- closelog
- define_syslog_variables
- dns_check_record
- dns_get_mx
- dns_get_record
- fsockopen
- gethostbyaddr
- gethostbyname
- gethostbynamel
- gethostname
- getmxrr
- getprotobyname
- getprotobynumber
- getservbyname
- getservbyport
- header_register_callback
- header_remove
- header
- headers_list
- headers_sent
- http_response_code
- inet_ntop
- inet_pton
- ip2long
- long2ip
- openlog
- pfsockopen
- setcookie
- setrawcookie
- socket_get_status
- socket_set_blocking
- socket_set_timeout
- syslog
Коментарии
A call to session_write_close() before the statement
<?php
header("Location: URL");
exit();
?>
is recommended if you want to be sure the session is updated before proceeding to the redirection.
We encountered a situation where the script accessed by the redirection wasn't loading the session correctly because the precedent script hadn't the time to update it (we used a database handler).
JP.
When using PHP to output an image, it won't be cached by the client so if you don't want them to download the image each time they reload the page, you will need to emulate part of the HTTP protocol.
Here's how:
<?php
// Test image.
$fn = '/test/foo.png';
// Getting headers sent by the client.
$headers = apache_request_headers();
// Checking if the client is validating his cache and if it is current.
if (isset($headers['If-Modified-Since']) && (strtotime($headers['If-Modified-Since']) == filemtime($fn))) {
// Client's cache IS current, so we just respond '304 Not Modified'.
header('Last-Modified: '.gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s', filemtime($fn)).' GMT', true, 304);
} else {
// Image not cached or cache outdated, we respond '200 OK' and output the image.
header('Last-Modified: '.gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s', filemtime($fn)).' GMT', true, 200);
header('Content-Length: '.filesize($fn));
header('Content-Type: image/png');
print file_get_contents($fn);
}
?>
That way foo.png will be properly cached by the client and you'll save bandwith. :)
A quick way to make redirects permanent or temporary is to make use of the $http_response_code parameter in header().
<?php
// 301 Moved Permanently
header("Location: /foo.php",TRUE,301);
// 302 Found
header("Location: /foo.php",TRUE,302);
header("Location: /foo.php");
// 303 See Other
header("Location: /foo.php",TRUE,303);
// 307 Temporary Redirect
header("Location: /foo.php",TRUE,307);
?>
The HTTP status code changes the way browsers and robots handle redirects, so if you are using header(Location:) it's a good idea to set the status code at the same time. Browsers typically re-request a 307 page every time, cache a 302 page for the session, and cache a 301 page for longer, or even indefinitely. Search engines typically transfer "page rank" to the new location for 301 redirects, but not for 302, 303 or 307. If the status code is not specified, header('Location:') defaults to 302.
You can use HTTP's etags and last modified dates to ensure that you're not sending the browser data it already has cached.
<?php
$last_modified_time = filemtime($file);
$etag = md5_file($file);
header("Last-Modified: ".gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s", $last_modified_time)." GMT");
header("Etag: $etag");
if (@strtotime($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']) == $last_modified_time ||
trim($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH']) == $etag) {
header("HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified");
exit;
}
?>
It is important to note that headers are actually sent when the first byte is output to the browser. If you are replacing headers in your scripts, this means that the placement of echo/print statements and output buffers may actually impact which headers are sent. In the case of redirects, if you forget to terminate your script after sending the header, adding a buffer or sending a character may change which page your users are sent to.
This redirects to 2.html since the second header replaces the first.
<?php
header("location: 1.html");
header("location: 2.html"); //replaces 1.html
?>
This redirects to 1.html since the header is sent as soon as the echo happens. You also won't see any "headers already sent" errors because the browser follows the redirect before it can display the error.
<?php
header("location: 1.html");
echo "send data";
header("location: 2.html"); //1.html already sent
?>
Wrapping the previous example in an output buffer actually changes the behavior of the script! This is because headers aren't sent until the output buffer is flushed.
<?php
ob_start();
header("location: 1.html");
echo "send data";
header("location: 2.html"); //replaces 1.html
ob_end_flush(); //now the headers are sent
?>
For large files (100+ MBs), I found that it is essential to flush the file content ASAP, otherwise the download dialog doesn't show until a long time or never.
<?php
header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=" . urlencode($file));
header("Content-Type: application/force-download");
header("Content-Type: application/octet-stream");
header("Content-Type: application/download");
header("Content-Description: File Transfer");
header("Content-Length: " . filesize($file));
flush(); // this doesn't really matter.
$fp = fopen($file, "r");
while (!feof($fp))
{
echo fread($fp, 65536);
flush(); // this is essential for large downloads
}
fclose($fp);
?>
If using the 'header' function for the downloading of files, especially if you're passing the filename as a variable, remember to surround the filename with double quotes, otherwise you'll have problems in Firefox as soon as there's a space in the filename.
So instead of typing:
<?php
header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=" . basename($filename));
?>
you should type:
<?php
header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"" . basename($filename) . "\"");
?>
If you don't do this then when the user clicks on the link for a file named "Example file with spaces.txt", then Firefox's Save As dialog box will give it the name "Example", and it will have no extension.
See the page called "Filenames_with_spaces_are_truncated_upon_download" at
http://kb.mozillazine.org/ for more information. (Sorry, the site won't let me post such a long link...)
I strongly recommend, that you use
header($_SERVER["SERVER_PROTOCOL"]." 404 Not Found");
instead of
header("HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found");
I had big troubles with an Apache/2.0.59 (Unix) answering in HTTP/1.0 while I (accidentially) added a "HTTP/1.1 200 Ok" - Header.
Most of the pages were displayed correct, but on some of them apache added weird content to it:
A 4-digits HexCode on top of the page (before any output of my php script), seems to be some kind of checksum, because it changes from page to page and browser to browser. (same code for same page and browser)
"0" at the bottom of the page (after the complete output of my php script)
It took me quite a while to find out about the wrong protocol in the HTTP-header.
I just want to add, becuase I see here lots of wrong formated headers.
1. All used headers have first letters uppercase, so you MUST follow this. For example:
Location, not location
Content-Type, not content-type, nor CONTENT-TYPE
2. Then there MUST be colon and space, like
good: header("Content-Type: text/plain");
wrong: header("Content-Type:text/plain");
3. Location header MUST be absolute uri with scheme, domain, port, path, etc.
good: header("Location: http://www.example.com/something.php?a=1");
4. Relative URIs are NOT allowed
wrong: Location: /something.php?a=1
wrong: Location: ?a=1
It will make proxy server and http clients happier.
If you want to remove a header and keep it from being sent as part of the header response, just provide nothing as the header value after the header name. For example...
PHP, by default, always returns the following header:
"Content-Type: text/html"
Which your entire header response will look like
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache/2.2.11 (Unix)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.8
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 2009 23:05:07 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: close
If you call the header name with no value like so...
<?php
header( 'Content-Type:' );
?>
Your headers now look like this:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache/2.2.11 (Unix)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.8
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 2009 23:05:07 GMT
Connection: close
Just to inform you all, do not get confused between Content-Transfer-Encoding and Content-Encoding
Content-Transfer-Encoding specifies the encoding used to transfer the data within the HTTP protocol, like raw binary or base64. (binary is more compact than base64. base64 having 33% overhead).
Eg Use:- header('Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary');
Content-Encoding is used to apply things like gzip compression to the content/data.
Eg Use:- header('Content-Encoding: gzip');
My files are in a compressed state (bz2). When the user clicks the link, I want them to get the uncompressed version of the file.
After decompressing the file, I ran into the problem, that the download dialog would always pop up, even when I told the dialog to 'Always perform this operation with this file type'.
As I found out, the problem was in the header directive 'Content-Disposition', namely the 'attachment' directive.
If you want your browser to simulate a plain link to a file, either change 'attachment' to 'inline' or omit it alltogether and you'll be fine.
This took me a while to figure out and I hope it will help someone else out there, who runs into the same problem.
Several times this one is asked on the net but an answer could not be found in the docs on php.net ...
If you want to redirect an user and tell him he will be redirected, e. g. "You will be redirected in about 5 secs. If not, click here." you cannot use header( 'Location: ...' ) as you can't sent any output before the headers are sent.
So, either you have to use the HTML meta refresh thingy or you use the following:
<?php
header( "refresh:5;url=wherever.php" );
echo 'You\'ll be redirected in about 5 secs. If not, click <a href="wherever.php">here</a>.';
?>
Hth someone
After lots of research and testing, I'd like to share my findings about my problems with Internet Explorer and file downloads.
Take a look at this code, which replicates the normal download of a Javascript:
<?php
if(strstr($_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"],"MSIE")==false) {
header("Content-type: text/javascript");
header("Content-Disposition: inline; filename=\"download.js\"");
header("Content-Length: ".filesize("my-file.js"));
} else {
header("Content-type: application/force-download");
header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"download.js\"");
header("Content-Length: ".filesize("my-file.js"));
}
header("Expires: Fri, 01 Jan 2010 05:00:00 GMT");
if(strstr($_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"],"MSIE")==false) {
header("Cache-Control: no-cache");
header("Pragma: no-cache");
}
include("my-file.js");
?>
Now let me explain:
I start out by checking for IE, then if not IE, I set Content-type (case-sensitive) to JS and set Content-Disposition (every header is case-sensitive from now on) to inline, because most browsers outside of IE like to display JS inline. (User may change settings). The Content-Length header is required by some browsers to activate download box. Then, if it is IE, the "application/force-download" Content-type is sometimes required to show the download box. Use this if you don't want your PDF to display in the browser (in IE). I use it here to make sure the box opens. Anyway, I set the Content-Disposition to attachment because I already know that the box will appear. Then I have the Content-Length again.
Now, here's my big point. I have the Cache-Control and Pragma headers sent only if not IE. THESE HEADERS WILL PREVENT DOWNLOAD ON IE!!! Only use the Expires header, after all, it will require the file to be downloaded again the next time. This is not a bug! IE stores downloads in the Temporary Internet Files folder until the download is complete. I know this because once I downloaded a huge file to My Documents, but the Download Dialog box put it in the Temp folder and moved it at the end. Just think about it. If IE requires the file to be downloaded to the Temp folder, setting the Cache-Control and Pragma headers will cause an error!
I hope this saves someone some time!
~Cody G.
Be aware that sending binary files to the user-agent (browser) over an encrypted connection (SSL/TLS) will fail in IE (Internet Explorer) versions 5, 6, 7, and 8 if any of the following headers is included:
Cache-control:no-store
Cache-control:no-cache
See: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/323308
Workaround: do not send those headers.
Also, be aware that IE versions 5, 6, 7, and 8 double-compress already-compressed files and do not reverse the process correctly, so ZIP files and similar are corrupted on download.
Workaround: disable compression (beyond text/html) for these particular versions of IE, e.g., using Apache's "BrowserMatch" directive. The following example disables compression in all versions of IE:
BrowserMatch ".*MSIE.*" gzip-only-text/html
Saving php file in ANSI no isuess but when saving the file in UTF-8 format for various reasons remember to save the file without any BOM ( byte-order mark) support.
Otherwise you will face problem of headers not being properly sent
eg.
<?php header("Set-Cookie: name=user");?>
Would give something like this :-
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at C:\www\info.php:1) in C:\www\info.php on line 1
According to the RFC 6226 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6266), the only way to send Content-Disposition Header with encoding is:
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename*= UTF-8''%e2%82%ac%20rates
for backward compatibility, what should be sent is:
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="EURO rates";
filename*=utf-8''%e2%82%ac%20rates
As a result, we should use
<?php
$filename = '中文文件名.exe'; // a filename in Chinese characters
$contentDispositionField = 'Content-Disposition: attachment; '
. sprintf('filename="%s"; ', rawurlencode($filename))
. sprintf("filename*=utf-8''%s", rawurlencode($filename));
header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream');
header($contentDispositionField);
readfile('file_to_download.exe');
?>
I have tested the code in IE6-10, firefox and Chrome.
<?php
// Response codes behaviors when using
header('Location: /target.php', true, $code) to forward user to another page:
$code = 301;
// Use when the old page has been "permanently moved and any future requests should be sent to the target page instead. PageRank may be transferred."
$code = 302; (default)
// "Temporary redirect so page is only cached if indicated by a Cache-Control or Expires header field."
$code = 303;
// "This method exists primarily to allow the output of a POST-activated script to redirect the user agent to a selected resource. The new URI is not a substitute reference for the originally requested resource and is not cached."
$code = 307;
// Beware that when used after a form is submitted using POST, it would carry over the posted values to the next page, such if target.php contains a form processing script, it will process the submitted info again!
// In other words, use 301 if permanent, 302 if temporary, and 303 if a results page from a submitted form.
// Maybe use 307 if a form processing script has moved.
?>
Note that 'session_start' may overwrite your custom cache headers.
To remedy this you need to call:
session_cache_limiter('');
...after you set your custom cache headers. It will tell the PHP session code to not do any cache header changes of its own.
It seems the note saying the URI must be absolute is obsolete. Found on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_location
«An obsolete version of the HTTP 1.1 specifications (IETF RFC 2616) required a complete absolute URI for redirection.[2] The IETF HTTP working group found that the most popular web browsers tolerate the passing of a relative URL[3] and, consequently, the updated HTTP 1.1 specifications (IETF RFC 7231) relaxed the original constraint, allowing the use of relative URLs in Location headers.»
<?php
/* This will give an error. Note the output
* above, which is before the header() call */
header('Location: http://www.example.com/');
exit;
?>
this example is pretty good BUT in time you use "exit" the parser will still work to decide what's happening next the "exit" 's action should do ('cause if you check the manual exit works in others situations too).
SO MY POINT IS : you should use :
<?php
header('Location: http://www.example.com/');
die();
?>
'CAUSE all die function does is to stop the script ,there is no other place for interpretation and the scope you choose to break the action of your script is quickly DONE!!!
there are many situations with others examples and the right choose for small parts of your scrips that make differences when you write your php framework at well!
Thanks Rasmus Lerdorf and his team to wrap off parts of unusual php functionality ,php 7 roolez!!!!!
The header call can be misleading to novice php users.when "header call" is stated, it refers the the top leftmost position of the file and not the "header()" function itself.
"<?php" opening tag must be placed before anything else, even whitespace.
Since PHP 5.4, the function `http_response_code()` can be used to set the response code instead of using the `header()` function, which requires to also set the correct protocol version (which can lead to problems, as seen in other comments).I made a script that generates an optimized image for use on web pages using a 404 script to resize and reduce original images, but on some servers it was generating the image but then not using it due to some kind of cache somewhere of the 404 status. I managed to get it to work with the following and although I don't quite understand it, I hope my posting here does help others with similar issues:
header_remove();
header("Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0");
header("Cache-Control: post-check=0, pre-check=0", false);
header("Pragma: no-cache");
// ... and then try redirecting
// 201 = The request has been fulfilled, resulting in the creation of a new resource however it's still not loading
// 302 "moved temporarily" does seems to load it!
header("location:$dst", FALSE, 302); // redirect to the file now we have it
Please note that there is no error checking for the header command, either in PHP, browsers, or Web Developer Tools.
If you use something like "header('text/javascript');" to set the MIME type for PHP response text (such as for echoed or Included data), you will get an undiagnosed failure.
The proper MIME-setting function is "header('Content-type: text/javascript');".
If you use header() to allow the user to download a file, it's very important to check the encoding of the script itself. Your script should be encoded in UTF-8, but definitely not in UTF-8-BOM! The presence of BOM will alter the file received by the user. Let the following script:
<?php
$content = file_get_contents('test_download.png') ;
$name = 'test.png' ;
$size = strlen($content) ;
header('Content-Description: File Transfer');
header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream');
header('Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate');
header('Expires: 0');
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$name.'"');
header('Content-Length: ' . $size);
header('Pragma: public');
echo $content ;
?>
Irrespectively from the encoding of test_download.png, when this PHP script is encoded in UTF-8-BOM, the content received by the user is different:
- a ZWNBSP byte (U+FEFF) is added to the beginning of the file
- the file content is truncated!!!
If it's a binary file (e.g. image, proprietary format), the file will become unreadable.