Properties
Class member variables are called "properties". You may also see them referred to using other terms such as "attributes" or "fields", but for the purposes of this reference we will use "properties". They are defined by using one of the keywords public, protected, or private, followed by a normal variable declaration. This declaration may include an initialization, but this initialization must be a constant value--that is, it must be able to be evaluated at compile time and must not depend on run-time information in order to be evaluated.
See Visibility for more information on the meanings of public, protected, and private.
Note:
In order to maintain backward compatibility with PHP 4, PHP 5 will still accept the use of the keyword var in property declarations instead of (or in addition to) public, protected, or private. However, var is no longer required. In versions of PHP from 5.0 to 5.1.3, the use of var was considered deprecated and would issue an
E_STRICTwarning, but since PHP 5.1.3 it is no longer deprecated and does not issue the warning.If you declare a property using var instead of one of public, protected, or private, then PHP 5 will treat the property as if it had been declared as public.
Within class methods non-static properties may be accessed by using -> (Object Operator): $this->property (where property is the name of the property). Static properties are accessed by using the :: (Double Colon): self::$property. See Static Keyword for more information on the difference between static and non-static properties.
The pseudo-variable $this is available inside any class method when that method is called from within an object context. $this is a reference to the calling object (usually the object to which the method belongs, but possibly another object, if the method is called statically from the context of a secondary object).
Example #1 property declarations
<?php
class SimpleClass
{
// invalid property declarations:
public $var1 = 'hello ' . 'world';
public $var2 = <<<EOD
hello world
EOD;
public $var3 = 1+2;
public $var4 = self::myStaticMethod();
public $var5 = $myVar;
// valid property declarations:
public $var6 = myConstant;
public $var7 = array(true, false);
// This is allowed only in PHP 5.3.0 and later.
public $var8 = <<<'EOD'
hello world
EOD;
}
?>
Note:
There are some nice functions to handle classes and objects. You might want to take a look at the Class/Object Functions.
Unlike heredocs, nowdocs can be used in any static data context, including property declarations.
Example #2 Example of using a nowdoc to initialize a property
<?php
class foo {
// As of PHP 5.3.0
public $bar = <<<'EOT'
bar
EOT;
}
?>
Note:
Nowdoc support was added in PHP 5.3.0.
- Введение
- Основы
- Свойства
- Константы классов
- Автоматическая загрузка классов
- Конструкторы и деструкторы
- Область видимости
- Наследование
- Оператор разрешения области видимости (::)
- Ключевое слово "static"
- Абстрактные классы
- Интерфейсы объектов
- Трейты
- Anonymous classes
- Перегрузка
- Итераторы объектов
- Магические методы
- Ключевое слово "final"
- Клонирование объектов
- Сравнение объектов
- Контроль типа
- Позднее статическое связывание
- Объекты и ссылки
- Сериализация объектов
- Журнал изменений ООП
Коментарии
Do not confuse php's version of properties with properties in other languages (C++ for example). In php, properties are the same as attributes, simple variables without functionality. They should be called attributes, not properties.
Properties have implicit accessor and mutator functionality. I've created an abstract class that allows implicit property functionality.
<?php
abstract class PropertyObject
{
public function __get($name)
{
if (method_exists($this, ($method = 'get_'.$name)))
{
return $this->$method();
}
else return;
}
public function __isset($name)
{
if (method_exists($this, ($method = 'isset_'.$name)))
{
return $this->$method();
}
else return;
}
public function __set($name, $value)
{
if (method_exists($this, ($method = 'set_'.$name)))
{
$this->$method($value);
}
}
public function __unset($name)
{
if (method_exists($this, ($method = 'unset_'.$name)))
{
$this->$method();
}
}
}
?>
after extending this class, you can create accessors and mutators that will be called automagically, using php's magic methods, when the corresponding property is accessed.
$this can be cast to array. But when doing so, it prefixes the property names/new array keys with certain data depending on the property classification. Public property names are not changed. Protected properties are prefixed with a space-padded '*'. Private properties are prefixed with the space-padded class name...
<?php
class test
{
public $var1 = 1;
protected $var2 = 2;
private $var3 = 3;
static $var4 = 4;
public function toArray()
{
return (array) $this;
}
}
$t = new test;
print_r($t->toArray());
/* outputs:
Array
(
[var1] => 1
[ * var2] => 2
[ test var3] => 3
)
*/
?>
This is documented behavior when converting any object to an array (see </language.types.array.php#language.types.array.casting> PHP manual page). All properties regardless of visibility will be shown when casting an object to array (with exceptions of a few built-in objects).
To get an array with all property names unaltered, use the 'get_object_vars($this)' function in any method within class scope to retrieve an array of all properties regardless of external visibility, or 'get_object_vars($object)' outside class scope to retrieve an array of only public properties (see: </function.get-object-vars.php> PHP manual page).
You can access property names with dashes in them (for example, because you converted an XML file to an object) in the following way:
<?php
$ref = new StdClass();
$ref->{'ref-type'} = 'Journal Article';
var_dump($ref);
?>